We Can End World Hunger Essay examples -- Argumentative Persuasive Ess

In the past ten years the world population exceeded half-dozen billion people with most of the growth occurring in the poorest, least developed countries in the world. The rapidly increasing population and the quickly declining amount of land are relative and the rate at which hunger is increasing rises with each passing year. We cannot afford to continue to expand our world population at such an dreadful rate, for already we are suffering the consequences. Hunger has been a problem for our world for thousands of years. But now that we have the technology and knowledge to stamp it out, time is racetrack short. aliment security is one of the largest problems facing our world today. To be food secure a country must have luxuriant food to carry its population and be capable of feeding its growing population in the future. About 700 million people today do not have enough food available to keep themselves healthy. They are plagued by hunger, malnutrition, disease, an d death. One reason that many third world countries are not food secure is that they do not have the technology to keep up with the growth in population. For example, in many countries crop fields cannot be worked to their full potential. One authority to help solve this problem is to bring un engaged machinery, which has been exceeded by our technology to these countries. But it takes more than just bringing the technology to them we need to teach them to use it and to grow from it. Everything that grows begins with a foundation. But likewise, if we try to build something without a foundation, it wont grow. If we help other countries build a foundation for themselves, they can grow into independent self-sufficing countries of their own. But if we simply do... ...inds to address the food for the future. Helping people help themselves is the only lasting help. Works Cited Barraclough, Solon L. An End to Hunger? The Social Origins of Food Strategies. London Zed Books L td., 1991. Boucher, Douglas M. The Paradox of Plenty Hunger in a Bountiful World. Oakland, California Food First Books, 1999. Asimov, Isaac. Borlaug, Norman. World Book Encyclopedia. 1979 ed. Brown, Lester R. Who Will menstruate China? Wake-Up Call for a Small Planet. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1995. Lobo, Vinay. http//www.selfhelpinternational.org/about.html. September 29, 2001. McGovern, George. The Third Freedom Ending Hunger in Our Time. New York Simon and Schuster, 2001. http//www.heifer.org/end_hunger/index.html. September 29, 2001. http//www.cartercenter.org/agriculture.html. September 29, 2001

Essay --

Growth and development are two major themes you here beat and time again in environmental planning. And rightly so, for if d i wrong, they can drastically hinder a society. With that said, Costa Rica is a perfect case study for planning done right. This memorandum will briefly discuss how Costa Rica made a large leap forward - Using historic population statistics, and crude birth and expiration rates (Demographic Transition Model), I will tell a story of growth and development done right.Population Growth and DistributionToday, Costa Rica is one of the most stable, prosperous, and least corrupt Latin American countries. As of 2013, Costa Rica has a population of 2,357, 516 40% of which, live in the Nations not bad(p) San Jose the rest is thinly spread across the country. Originally San Jos was only a small agricultural village with highly fertile soil. However, a few old age after winning their freedom from Spain in 1821, the good people of San Jos and Alajuela combined forces a nd defeated the pro-Mexican Democrats of Heredia and Cartago. Upon which cemented San Jos as the capital of the blooming nation (Anywhere Costa Rica). The population soft rose until after the Second World War- when the citys numbers increased significantly. Today, over 309 thousand people live in the city with some other estimated million in the surrounding suburbs (Anywhere Costa Rica).DevelopmentSince 1984, Costa Rica has seen a decrease in population (growth rate dropping from 2.8 to 1.2 by 2015) and infant mortality rate rates (dropped by half in just 29 years), as well as, an increase in life expectancy. What changed in that short amount of time (United States Census Bureau)? Well, the short answer is the country transitioned from an early industrial soc... ... one percent (Costa Rica). At 9% in 2013, they havent reached their goal, however, theyve managed to cut hold up 5% in just 20 years.Costa Rica was blessed early on, due to a global interest in coffee beans, with p rosperity and riches however, it wasnt until they created a game plan, one with the people in mind that they truly began to progress, fiscally and socially speaking. Granted, Costa Rica isnt considered a top story country, but they are by no means at the bottom. With that said, Costa Ricas young population wont remain young forever and a day Much like the baby boomers of the U.S, Costa Rica will have to adjust heavily for the needs of their future elderly. Although, Costa Rica is relatively small, it has a rich story spanning back several millennia and has positioned itself as one of the most stable, prosperous, and least corrupt Latin American countries.

Walkabout Essay -- Australia Aborigines Literature Essays

WalkaboutThis story is about two children who are stranded in the Australianoutback afterwards a plane crash. By chance they meet an Aborigine boy whois on his walkabout. From these two different groups of people meetingeach different, it shows the reader how a good deal people can learn from othersand how different we all are.bloody shames first inclination is to mother Peter. She feels responsible forhim and he depends on her. But she feels wretched in this newenvironment. Always she had protected Peter, had smoothed things outand made them easy for him molly-coddled him like an anxious hen,her father had once said. But how could she protect him straight? Then thebush boy comes across their path and things become tense between thechildren and aborigine.The very first thing Mary notices about the Aborigine is that he isvery black and naked. She finds this very disturbing, The thing thatshe couldnt accept, the thing that seemed to her shockingly andindecently wrong, was the fa ct that the boy was naked. As the twocultures confront each other they just stare at each other indisbelief and wonder, Between them the distance was less than thespread of an outstretched arm, but more than a hundred thousandyears.They had climbed a long way up the ladder of progress they hadclimbed so far, in fact, that they had forgotten how their climb hadstarted They had had everything provided for them and had never hadto fend for themselves. It was very different with the Aboriginal wayof life. He knew what reality was. Their lives were unbelievablysimple compared to the aborigine. They had no homes, no crops, noclothes, no possessions. The few things they had they shared food andwives children and l... ...least offend by it. Peter and Mary mix verynaturally with these Aborigine strangers. The women swim together andshare food and Peter as been drawn to a particular man within thetribe. The man looks at the drawings they had done earlier of a houseand realises that they nee d to find civilisation. He draws them a map,which ends in a house so they know where to go. Before they leavePeter takes in the beauty of their surroundings he knew in thatmoment that every detail of what hed seen in the last two weeks hedremember for he rest of his life. He then leads the way via the mapto civilisation and Mary follows. It makes you hope that they willtake back with them into their civilised culture all they havelearned from the Aboriginal people and their strange ways of life withtheir trick lands, spiritual gods and there true sense of belonging.

Robert Frost’s Fire and Ice Essay -- Fire and Ice Robert Frost Poems E

Robert rimes Fire and starterFire and Ice is a popular numbers write in 1923 by Robert halt. It isa very well known poem and is used in many high schools and collegestoday. Many students along with various critics read this poem asFrosts idea as to how the world is going to decease. People also takethis in a Biblical sense, because the passage that immortal states the nexttime he destroys the world, it will be in fire. He blatantly states inthe first lines, Some say the world will end in fire, Some say inice, which leads many critics to believe the simplicity of this poemwas to be taken as wide and to the point. However, the poem waswritten in the roaring twenties, which is why I believe Frost had adeeper essence attached than how the world was going to end. Opposingmost critics with their thought of this idea, I believe Robert FrostsFire and Ice is ab let on love. Fire being the love itself along withpassion, ice is the lack of love, rather than a view on the end of thewor ld.Katherine Kearns states that although you have to make a decisionbetween the language, it still seems as if Frost is trying to alludeto the end of the world (Cambridge University). Frost often writes ina very simply form, which is why critics argon constantly led to believeFrost had no double meaning out of the poem. The form of Fire andIce is again, simple in the writing, leaving it easy to see thesurface meaning and not look any deeper. The form and simple rhymescheme do not give readers the idea that the meaning would be sophilosophical.Through a deeper reading of the poem, I think Frost is trying todiscover the distinction between love and hate through symbolism. Fireis love or burning desire. The ice symb... ...rost was talking about love. In some sense,everyone has felt the effects of a burning love or lack of love, takenover by the feeling of coldness. Digging for a deeper meaning of thepoem, it is evident Frost was not only talking about the end of theworld, but also the end of a person. The effects of love and hate areenough to put an end to a person, as are the effects of fire and iceto put an end to the world.Works CitedKearns, Katherine, Fire and Ice. On Fire and Ice. 1994. 17September 2005.http//www.english.uiuc.edu/Pobojewski, Sally. This Is the Way the World Ends. LSAmagazine 23.1(Fall 1999) 28-29.Sangiorgio, Yvette. Fire and Ice Fire and Ice- Robert Frost. 12 May2001. 17 September 2005. http//www.cs.rice.edu/Serio, John N. Fire and Ice. On Fire and Ice. 1994. 17 September2005.http//www.english.uiuc.edu/

imperialism in Ecuador :: essays research papers

ECUADORBefore becoming Ecuador in 1830 it was known as the Vice royalty of Granada. Western imperialism and exploration light-emitting diode Spain to inhabit this princely mine.Thesis mistake 1The year 1492 brought about whiley changes in the Old World that forever altered the way we understand and perceive the New World. Imperialism and Colonialism soared to unexampled high school and brought two completely different worlds into a crash course forever entwining cultures, laws, religion, and customs in North and South the States.Slide 2The year 1492 is cardinal in many ways. After centuries of fighting the Muslims, Jews, and Moors were finally expelled out of Granada, the last strong hold of other religions in Spain. Christianity once again reigned in Spain. This led monarchy to fortify their homeland and start looking for new land to monopolize and colonize on in Asia. This is why they called the Western part of South America New Granada.Slide 2- the man the Spanish monarchy chose was Christopher Columbus. Columbus is known for stumbling into America while looking for Asia. Slide 2- the men who deserve the credit should be the man who conquered the Americas and that is Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro.Slide 2 transition into slide 3- Once Cortes and his small army defeated Montezumas powerful Mexican Aztec warriors, which outnumbered the Spaniards 10-1. The riches in form of Gold started to flood into Spain. Slide 3- once Queen Isabel died in 1504 and Ferdinand died in1516 there was a power struggle between the families. Charles V and queen Isabel of Portugal took oer and immediately had to befool political alliances as soon as possible. What better way then conquering new land and people? Spanish Thrown to send Francisco Pizarro on a new Expedition down south to find the other Great Empire that was rumored to exist in the southSlide 3- the motivational factors were over Gold but to make it sound a little better to the church and to the public, th e Monarchy said it was to spread Christianity in the new world.Slide 3- on the new expedition Pizarro brought with him a man by the name of Diego de Almargo in 1532 and used Ecuador as the staging point for new invasion of Inca Empire.Slide 4- now the adjoining obstacle was finding the Empire and learning as much as possible about them to defeat them. Slide 4- The Spaniards learned that the Incas ruled the area since 1200 A.

imperialism in Ecuador :: essays research papers

ECUADORBefore becoming Ecuador in 1830 it was known as the Vice royal family of Granada. Western imperialism and exploration led Spain to inhabit this Gold mine.Thesis Slide 1The year 1492 brought about many changes in the Old World that perpetually altered the way we understand and perceive the New World. Imperialism and Colonialism soared to new heights and brought two completely different worlds into a crash course forever entwining cultures, laws, religion, and custom in North and South America.Slide 2The year 1492 is important in many ways. After centuries of fighting the Muslims, Jews, and Moors were finally expelled out of Granada, the last fond hold of other religions in Spain. Christianity once again reigned in Spain. This led monarchy to fortify their homeland and start looking for new land to monopolize and colonize on in Asia. This is why they called the Western part of South America New Granada.Slide 2- the man the Spanish monarchy chose was Christopher Columbus. Co lumbus is known for stumbling into America era looking for Asia. Slide 2- the men who deserve the credit should be the man who conquered the Americas and that is Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro.Slide 2 transition into slide 3- Once Cortes and his small army get the better of Montezumas exponentful Mexican Aztec warriors, which outnumbered the Spaniards 10-1. The riches in form of Gold started to flood into Spain. Slide 3- once Queen Isabel died in 1504 and Ferdinand died in1516 there was a power struggle between the families. Charles V and queen Isabel of Portugal took over and immediately had to make political alliances as soon as thinkable. What better way then conquest new land and people? Spanish Thrown to send Francisco Pizarro on a new Expedition down south to find the other salient Empire that was rumored to exist in the southSlide 3- the motivational factors were over Gold but to make it sound a little better to the church service and to the public, the Monarchy said it was to spread Christianity in the new world.Slide 3- on the new expedition Pizarro brought with him a man by the name of Diego de Almargo in 1532 and used Ecuador as the staging point for new invasion of Inca Empire.Slide 4- now the next obstacle was finding the Empire and learning as much as possible about them to defeat them. Slide 4- The Spaniards learned that the Incas ruled the area since 1200 A.

Being a successful student is not difficult

Being a successful student is not difficult. Many students are trapped in their ill-tempered schedules, but few realize that being a successful student is well within everyones capability. The most important factor that comes in is clock time management. With regular management of time, work does not pile up, leaving more time for the student to pay attention to his/her studies rather than worry about meet deadlines. Time management to a fault creates an organized and well-thought-out work and study environment, encouraging the student to gain more knowledge.Mismanaged time can be devastating. It may blend exaggerated, but for a student, each minute is important. With work piling up, many begin getting worried, and it gets harder for them to work efficiently, and to their level best. With deadlines to meet, many also give in shabby and mediocre work, which eventually costs them their grades. Mediocre work has its own implications. Overall, a students self-esteem takes a nose div e. The cycle goes on.On the contrary, a student who does his/her work on time, with attention gets encouraged, and gets more determined to prove him/herself even better next time. Being a successful student also has a lot to do with presence of mind. Many students remain absent-minded during lectures. This results in poor understanding of the subject, and waste of time. Along with paying attention, one also require to retain the knowledge gained. In order to do this students ought to note down things.Important points jotted down during lectures are often helpful. Students also need to read from other take on books and reference books in order to enhance their understanding of a subject. This results in through in-depth analysis. Students should also make time to study. Studying again, should be done in a most organized manner, with a deep understanding of the topic. Last but definitely not the least is the desire to be successful. Students who are prompt are always successful, no matter what hurdles stand in their path.

Modern Language Association Essay

The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is the most mappingd format in doing papers especially with Liberal Arts and Humanities subjects (Purdue Owl). This format is based primarily on the authors chance on and page number format. exactly before we start discussing how to cite sources, we must first learn how to properly format the paper using MLA. According to the OWL at Purdue website, the paper surface should be a standard 8. 5 x 11 inches with 1-inch margin on all sides.The paper should be double-spaced using a semi-formal font style such as Times New Roman in 12 pts. On all pages of the paper, a header that includes the last name of the owner of the paper and page numbers should be placed. The first lines of the paper should be indented to the left and one line apart First and Last figure of the owner of the paper, name of professor, Subject/Course, and the date. Once these things atomic number 18 set up, the paper could now be officially started the title of the pap er should be at the circle round one line following the date (Purdue Owl).There are two basic ways of doing an in-text citation using MLA format. The first is using signal phrases fitting the author first in the sentence and then placing in parentheses the page number where the citation came from after the cited words. The second is including the last name of the author in the parenthetical citation, written before the page number and without any marks between them. If a particular source has no author mentioned, there are also two ways on how to properly cite the material.First is to use the title of the work as a signal phrase or place a shortened version of the title in the parenthetical citation. In case of sources where an organization can be used as the source, use the name of the organization as if it was the author. If page numbers are missing, like in web sites, just include the name of the author, again, either as a signal phrase or a parenthetical citation (MLA in-text citations 2).

Food Adultration

Food adulteration Adulteration is the act of making any commodity impure by mixture of other ingredients. This mixture may void the nature of the original to the extent of destroying its identity, or it may merely lower the value or effectiveness of the finished product. Adulteration of nutritions and beverages has been performed with the same aimincrease profits for the manufacturer or merchantsince early times, when laws in ancient Greece and Rome addressed the coloring and flavoring of wine.England has had laws against adulteration of beer, bread, and other commodities since the 13th century, culminating in the Adulteration of Food or Drink Act of 1872 with its stiff penalties. The law was modernized with the 1955 Food and Drug Act. Adulteration not only functions to defraud consumers precisely it can also pose a health threat. In the case of illegal drugs sold on the street, adulteration is generally in the form of dull or harmless compounds, but deadly poisons, such(prenomin al) as sodium cyanide, have sometimes been sold as heroin.Adulteration is not the only character reference of poor-quality or dangerous foods and drugs The ingredients of junk foods need not be adulterated to ensure a virtual absence of nutritional value potentially risky medicines will have more adverse effects if unadulterated. The consumer movement of recent times has focused not only on adulteration, but also on the nature of various unadulterated ingredients. For hundreds of years, governments have had an interest in regulating food process to ensure the safety and salubriousness of the foods consumed by their citizens.The earliest known food law was written in Japan in AD 702. In Britain, the first Pure Food Laws were enacted during the 1860s to combat adulteration, the secret use of additives to stretch wholesome foods with cheaper, no nutritious (and sometimes dangerous) ingredients. This practice became common during the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), when ci ties began to grow and urban populations no longer got their food directly from the farm, creating an prospect for deception by middlemen.Today, several United States government agencies carry out inspections and enforce a comprehensive system of regulations governing food processing, packaging, and distribution. The FDA is responsible for monitor and inspecting most all other food products. The FDA enforces the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, which prohibits the shipping of adulterated or mislabeled products in interstate commerce.FDA inspectors visit food processing plants and warehouses to monitor all phases of processing, packaging, and distribution. Samples of food products are analyzed by FDA chemists to ensure the foods are wholesome and unadulterated and do not contain harmful substances, such as levels of pesticides above the limits set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1958, amendments to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA authority to regu late the use of additives in foods.The Delaney Clause, which was dower of those amendments, prohibits approval of additives that cause cancer in human or animal tests. Some people have criticized this clause for being too inflexible, because some studies return very small increases in cancer risk and some studies that show a risk of cancer in animals may not be germane(predicate) to humans. Since 1969, the FDA has set standards for inspection of retail food stores, restaurants, and cafeterias, although local health departments are responsible for carrying out those inspections.

Com156 – Prison Population of Drug Offenders

Prison Population of Drug Offenders With the linked States prison population growing, did you know that almost every citizen knows at least one person that is in prison? Every day there are 200 new jail cells that are constructed in the United States (ZHENG, SALGANIK, & GELMAN, 2006). With the highest rates of incarceration than both separate country prisons are full in the United States of America, and withal we continue to build more space and shake off more tax dollars on create more prisons. This is an ever growing concern amongst Ameri bath citizens whose tax dollars are going into this ever building problem.Something compulsions to be through with(p) to change the career of this problem before it becomes bigger than it really should be, and we do have a few options to consider. More than a quarter of our countries prison population is incarcerated for drug offenses with sentences of anywhere from 1 to 30 courses (Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics, 2012). 30 years seems like a long date to spend citizen tax dollars on soul who did nonhing violent towards another, and was scarce hurting themself with the lifestyle that they chose to live.Our prison systems could potentially be more effectively used by focusing more on incarcerating drug users based on the violent offenses they commit rather than the drug offenses. Prison population has been a topic of conversation around the world for legion(predicate) years now, and has recently become an ever growing concern in the United States. More than 10. 1 million people are held in penal institutions around the world, and the United States holds more than a quarter of the worlds incarcerated population. At 2. 29 million people incarcerated in the United Sates (Walmsley, 2011), our prisons are full.The only country that has even close to as many prisoners as we do is China at 1. 65 million people incarcerated (Walmsley, 2011). Chinas meat population is 1,354. 1 million, and the United States tot al population is 308. 4 million. Chinas total population is more than four times that of the United States, and yet the United States prison population is almost one and a half times what Chinas is at. This could be because of the luxuries that inmates get when incarcerated here in the United States that other countries do not provide for their inmates.Inmates in the United States receive cable television and new release movies, music and music players, and even an reading all of these are luxuries that most other countries do not offer their inmates. The luxuries that inmates in the United States receive cost taxpayer dollars to provide, the average cost per inmate is $31,286. 00 per year (Henrichson & Delaney, 2012). That is a large lump sum of money, especially considering that the average American citizen only makes $46,000. 00 or less per year. The cost of inmates on taxpayers could be a altogether topic in itself. Of the 2. 9 million people incarcerated in the United States, 337,405 of them are in State or Federal prisons for drug offenses (Drugwarfacts. org, 2011) this follow does not even include those in local jails. According to the US Justice Department, 27. 9% of drug offenders in state prisons are serving time for possession, 69. 4% are serving time for trafficking offenses, and 2. 7% are in for other. (Drugwarfacts. org, 2011). These numbers are alike high. Penalties for trafficking are higher than possession, so 69. 4% will spend more time taking up that prison space and tax dollars than the 27. 9% of possessors will.Even at only 2. 7%, the rate for those incarcerated for other types of drug offenses is too high. In local jails alone, as of a 2002 federal survey there were 440,670 local inmates, a quarter of which (112,447) were drug offenders (Drugwarfacts. org, 2011). Of this 112,447, 11. 1% are there on possession charges, and 12. 8% for trafficking. At 112,447 people incarcerated in local jails, that is one third of what we already have incarcerated in State and Federal prisons. These numbers go by adding up and getting higher and higher. Something needs to change in order for these numbers to start decreasing.At 2. 29 million people incarcerated in the United States, with everywhere populated prisons, we need to reconsider what crimes are worth punishing, and if paying out $31,286. 00 per inmate per year in tax dollars is really necessary. Many studies show that increase admissions to drug manipulations are associated with reduced incarceration rates. According to Drugwarfacts. org (2011), States with a higher drug discourse admission rate than the national average send, on average, ascorbic acid fewer people to prison per 100,000 in the population than states that have lower than average drug treatment admissions. (Treatment). Of the 20 states that admit the most people to treatment per 100,000, 19 had incarceration rates below the national average. Of the 20 states that admitted the fewest people to treatm ent per 100,000, eight had incarceration rates above the national average. change magnitude admission to treatment rates also showed a decrease to crime rate and a reduction to control be. According to Drugwarfacts. org (2011) as well, Admissions to drug treatment increased 37. 4 percent and federal spending on drug treatment increased 14. 6 percent from 1995 to 2005.During the same period, violent crime barbarian 31. 5 percent. (Treatment). Also according to Drugwarfacts. org (2011), A study by the RAND Corporation found, the savings of treatment programs are larger than the control costs we estimate that the costs of crime and lost productivity are reduced by $7. 46 for every dollar spend on treatment. (Treatment). Even if we just shift what we ascribe the tax dollars towards a little, it could have a big and beneficial impact on our economy and on our society in general. A lot can be learned from the Portuguese decriminalization of illicit drugs in 2001.Since decriminalizing illicit drugs in Portugal the rate of drug related deaths, as well as the number of offenders arrested in Portugal for trafficker, trafficker-consumer, and consumer offences have all decreased. Since the decriminalization there has been a reduction in opiate-related deaths and infectious diseases. Most interviewees were of the view that the decriminalization had reduced the burden on the Portuguese criminal justice system and enabled police to refocus their attention on more serious offences, namely drug traf? cking-related offences. (Hughes & Stevens, 2010, p. 1008). Evidence also indicates reductions in problematic use, drug-related harms and criminal justice everyplacecrowding in Portugal since the decriminalization of illicit drugs. If it can help with their overcrowding prison problem than it can help with ours as well. Portugal has taken a dramatic step in their justice system, and they have seen great benefits from it, as can we. The number of people arrested for criminal o ffences related to drug offences reduced from over 14,000 offenders in 2000 to an average of 5,0005,500 offenders per year. (Hughes & Stevens, 2010, p. 1008). There has also been an increased uptake of drug treatment. The facts speak for themselves the numbers are all too high, from the number of offenders incarcerated, to the amount of time that they spend for those crimes, and the tax dollars that are being spent on them while they are incarcerated. Whether it is an increased requirement for drug treatment or an entire decriminalization of drug offenses as in Portugals example, we have a few options to consider something can be done to put a stop to this problem, and we need to start doing it.This problem will not just go away someone needs to take the first step towards the reform of our practices and policies. If nothing is done than the numbers will just keep increasing further more new jail cells will continue to keep being constructed, and they will be filled with more new in mates, maybe someone that is close to you. Will you take the first step to ensure that this problem does not go any further? Lets start standing up and confronting this problem head on together we can conquer anything, one problem at a time. References ZHENG, T. , SALGANIK, M. J. , & GELMAN, A. 2006, June). How Many People Do You Know in Prison? Using Overdispersion in Count Data to Estimate Social Structure in Networks. Journal of the American Statistical Association, (), 409-423. Retrieved from http//www. stat. columbia. edu/gelman/research/published/overdisp_final. pdf Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics. (2012). Penalties for US Drug Offenses. Retrieved from http//www. cognitiveliberty. org/dll/drugpenalties. htm Walmsley, R. (2011, July). World prison population list. International kernel for Prison Studies, Ninth Edition(), 1-6. Retrieved from http//www. cribd. com/doc/77097293/World-Prison-Population-List-9th-edition Drugwarfacts. org. (2011). Retrieved from http//www. dr ugwarfacts. org/cms/Prisons_and_DrugsResearch Drugwarfacts. org. (2011). Retrieved from http//www. drugwarfacts. org/cms/Treatment HUGHES, C. , & STEVENS, A. (2010). What Can We Learn From The Portuguese Decriminalization of Illicit Drugs?. British Journal Of Criminology, 50(6), 999-1022. doi10. 1093/bjc/azq038 Christian Henrichson and pity Delaney, The Price of Prisons What Incarceration Costs Taxpayers. New York Vera Institute of Justice, 2012.

Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 10

Gran told me that the moreover person who can send a tone sand is the one who called it up, Thea give tongue to. But the problem is that you contract to be able to see the spirit, you have to be close to it. Then you can do the sending-back spell.Okay, Dani tell, nodding. But-Wait, Im acquire to it. Thea got up and began to pace the few steps between her bed and Blaises. She spoke slowly at first, then more rapidly. What Im thinking is that this cant be the first fourth dimension this has happened. Sometime, somewhither, somehow, some witch must have called up a spirit and let it get a office. And then had to go out and get hold of it again.Im trusted thats true. But so what?So if we could find a record of how she did it-how she tracked the spirit put through-we might be in business.Dani was getting excited. Yeah-and it wouldnt even have to be a case of a summoned spirit. I mean, some spirits scarcely wont go to the other side at all after theyve died, right? perchance th eres a record more or less how one of them got sent across the veil.Or a story. Or a poem. Anything that would give us a clue about how to get them to stay in the same room with you while you do the spell. Thea stopped and grinned at Dani. And if theres one thing Gran has lots of, its records and stories and poems. There atomic number 18 hundreds of throws in the workshop.Dani jumped up, dark eyes snapping. Ill call my mom and tell her Im staying over tonight. Then- we find it.After Dani called her mother, Thea called Eric to make sure he was okay. no. that she k new-made there was a demented spirit on the loose she was worried about him.Youre sure youre all right? he said. I mean, I politic feel majestic about taking you to that place. I wanted-well, Id like it if we could see each other without something terrible happening.Thea felt as if someone had squeezed her heart. Me, too.Maybe we could do something tomorrow. If youre up to it.That would be good. She didnt dargon to s lide by talking to him with Dani around. It would be too easy for any(prenominal)one listening to guess her feelings.The first thing Thea noniced in the workshop was that Blaise had interpreted her new project with her.She must be close to finishing it.Ill start here, Dani said, standing in front of a large bookcase. Some of these look really old.Thea picked other case. There were books of every kind leather-bound, paper-bound, cloth-bound, suede-bound, unbound. Some were printed, some were havewritten, some were illuminated. Some were in languages Thea didnt know.The first shelf yielded nothing except an interesting spell call how to make an elixir of abhorrence, which works quite as well, or perhaps a little worse than the traditional Elixirs of Loathing or Detestation, and is less thin and expensive than the Elixir of Odium used by royals and members of the nobility, and allow for also keep extremely well for a very long time.HmmThea drop that book aside. Shed looked thro ugh another half a shelf when Dani said, Hey, I found your family tree.Thea scooted over. Yeah, thats the one Gran keeps. It doesnt go anywhere near back to Hellewise. She laughed.Whos this guy? Dani put her finger on a name. Hunter Redfern. I thought the Redferns were that hotshot lamia family.Lamia family. I mean, theres a difference, you know. Someone whos made into a vampire cant have kids.But whats the lamia guy doing in your family tree?Hes the one who did a kinship ceremony with Maeve Harman, back in the sixteen hundreds. She was the leader of the Harmans then. find out? And were all descended from their daughter Roseclear.She did it with a vampire? Creepy.Thea smiled. She did it to stop their families from fighting-they had a feud going on. And so now all of us modern Harmans have a little vampire blood.Ill regard as to watch out if you start looking at my throat. Dani traced a finger down the tree. It looks like you and Blaise are the last of the female person Harmans.Y eah, were it. The last Hearth-Women.Thats a big responsibility.It was almost exactly what Gran had said. Thea suddenly felt uncomfortable with family trees. Yeah. Um, I guess wed better keep reading.It was several hours ulterior when Dani said quietly, Ive got it.What? Thea went to sit by her. The book on Danis knees was bound in green with a crescent moon and three stars on the front-a Night orb symbol for witches.Its a book of humorous stories, but theyre supposed to be true. This one is about a guy named Walstan Harman back in seventeen seventy. He died, but he didnt cross over. He just hung around town playing jokes on everybody-appearing at night with his head under his arm and squash like that. He neer stayed in one place long enough for them to catch him, though.So how did they track him down?Dani flashed a triumphant smile. They didnt. They lured him in. get by dawned for Thea. Of course-Im so stupid. But how?Danis slender finger swept down the page. Well, first they waited till Samhain, so the veil between the worlds would be thinnest. Then Nicholas Harmanhad this big spreadhead prepared, this huge table piled up with Walstans favorite food. Dani made a face.Which happened to be mince pie made with bear meat and pumpkin, with a cornmeal crust. They have a recipe for it here, too. Gah.Never mind that. Did it work?Apparently. They set up the table with the pies in an empty room, then they cast a circle around it. doddering Walstan was attracted to the food-I guess he just couldnt resist taking a look, even if he couldnt eat it. And when he came down to check it out, theyopened the door and nabbed him. displace him speedily and conveniently through the narrow path to the airy void, Thea read over Danis shoulder. The story sounded genuine-only someone whod actually seen a summoning or a sending-back would know those words.So now we know how to do it, Dani said. We wait until Halloween and then we lure her. We just have to find something she like s-Or something she hates, Thea broke in as an idea struck her. They stared at each other. similar what she saw at the old gym, Danibreathed. Something that reminded her of what they did to her.Yes, except Thea stopped. Her mind was rating on, but she didnt want to share her thoughts with Dani. pull that the humans might already be doing something oh ? Halloween, something that would attract Suzanne. If the police opened the old gym, the Halloween party would be an incredibly strong lure. All those horror boothsSo if I wanted to draw her somewhere else, Id exigency to be doing something even worse, something that would remind her even more of what happened to her. And Id need bait, somebody shed want to kill. A human. psyche whod work with me, whod be willingNot Eric.Her thoughts came up short as she realized where they were leading. She found that her hands were icy cold and her heart was pounding slowly.No. Not Eric, no matter what. Not even to save lives.She pu shed the thought from her mind. Of course there was some other way, and shed find it. There was time.Thea? You suave with me? Dani was watching her.I was just trying to figure it all out. Thea forced herself to speak calmly, to focus on Dani. Urn, listen, theres one good thing I just thought of-we may have a little time. If Suzanne is still watching the old gym, it could work for us. As long as the gym is closed up, hatful wont go in there, and she wont be able to get anybody.I hope so, Dani said. I mean, I understand why shes upset, but nobody deserves to die the way Kevin did. Not even a human.Late that night, while Dani was breathing peacefully in Blaises bed, Thea lay and stared at the faint glow above the window curtains.It wasnt just visions of Kevin. Her mind kept returning to what Dani and Gran had said about her responsibility.Even if I send Suzanne back, even if Gran gets well, even if I manage to keep Blaise from killing Eric where am I?Im a renegade witch. And theres no future for Eric and me unless we gestate away. But that would mean him leaving his family forever-and us being hunted wherever we went. And me betraying the Hearth-Women and the Night World.One last thought glimmered before she could force her mind into blankness.Theres no way everybody is going to come out of this happy. The next morning Thea was recently for school. And she had a hard time tracking down Blaise-it wasnt until lunchtime that she and Dani found the Circle Midnight witches in the front courtyard.Please let us see it, genus genus Selene was check outing as Thea and Dani passed up. Just one peek. Please?I want to do a trial run first, Blaise said, looking very pleased with herself. She took a drink of iced tea, ignoring Thea and Dani.Hows Gran? Thea broke in without preamble.Blaise turned. Better, no thanks to you. Why didnt you call this morning?I overslept. After terrible nightmares about strangled people.We were up late last night, Dani said. Its not Theas fa ult.Your grandmas really doing well, Vivienne said kindly. She just needs to rest for a while-Momll probably keep her at our place for a pit of days. Sleep heals, you know.Thea felt a tiny breath of relief, like a spring breeze. If Gran was getting better she had one less thing to irritate about. Thanks, Viv. Please thank your mom, too.Blaise raised her eyebrows and made a tiny sound like Hmf. Then she tapped her chin with one long nail. A trial run she said again, gazing far away.She was dressed unusually, in a bronze silk jacket with a high collar that was zipped up to her chin. Thea had a sudden sinking feeling.What are you trying out? Dani asked.Blaise gave them a slow smile. Hang around and youll see. She scanned the courtyard and said sweetly, And there is the perfect mark. Selene, will you go ask him to come here?Selene got up and languidly drifted to the boy Blaise had pointed at.Thea recognized him. He was Luke Price, a guy who drove a sleek red Maserati and looked like a bad-boy Hollywood star. He was fashionably unshaven and unkempt, had galvanizing blue eyes, andright now looked vaguely surprised to find himself following Selene back to Blaise. Luke, hows it going? Blaise said pleasantly. Luke shrugged. Okay. What do you want? His electric blue eyes lingered on Blaise, but he was obviously used to playing the tough guy with girls.Blaise laughed shortly, as if taken off guard by the question. Nothing I can have, she murmured-and then looked passably startled at herself. I want to talk to you, she said smoothly, recovering. And She slant her head thoughtfully. Maybe the keys to your car.Luke laughed out loud. He leaned one hip against the concrete wall by the stairs, two fingers fishing in his T-shirt pocket for a cigarette.Youre crazy, he said indistinctly.Dani coughed as smoke drifted toward her. Thea swirled her plastic bottle of Evian water in one hand.Blaise made a face. Put that out its disgusting, she said.Luke blew smoke toward her. If y ouve got something to say, say it. He was eyeing Blaises zipped-to-the-neck jacket with disfavor. Otherwise stop wasting my time.Blaise smiled.She touched the zipper at her throat. You want to guess whats under here?Lukes eyes went up and down the silk of the jacket, particularly where Blaise made it curve. Maybe youd better show me.You want me to show you? Youre sure, now?Thea looked heavenward, thumb playing with the opening to her Evian bottle.Luke was scowling, blowing smoke between tight lips. His electric blue eyes were narrow. I think youre some kind of tease.Blaise took the zipper between two fingers and slid it down.The necklace fit like a collar, lying against the sickish skin of her throat and the matte black of her simple blouse. And it was everything Thea had known it would be.It was delicate, exquisite, magical. Swirls of stars and moons in enchanted patterns. Gems of all kinds tucked into the mysterious curves. Green garnet, imperial topaz, sunstone, cinnabar. Violet sapphire, African emerald, smokestone.It seemed to move as you looked at it, the lines changing and flowing. Pulling you into the center of its mystery, winding around you like strands of softly burnished hair. Holding you fastThea pulled herself away with a physical jerk. She had to shut her eyes and put up a hand to do it.And if it does that to meLuke was staring. Thea could actually see the change in his face as the necklace worked its spell. Like some Oscar-winning actor transforming from bad boy to vulnerable kid right there on screen. His jaw softened, his tight lips relaxed. The muscles around his eyes shifted and he disordered his tense squint. He looked surprised, then defenseless. Open. Those electric blue eyes seemed dazzled, pupils widening. He sucked in a breath as if he couldnt get enough air. instanter he looked awed now hypnotized now yearningSpellbound.Luke had been transformed. His whole body seemed smaller. His lips were parted. His eyes were huge and full of l ight. He looked as if at any second he might fall down and start worshiping Blaise.Blaise sat like a queen, with her midnight hair tumbling around the necklace, her chest moving slightly as she breathed, her eyes as brilliant as jewels.Put the disgusting cigarette down, she said.Luke dropped the cigarette and stamped on it as if it were a spider.Then he looked back at Blaise. You youre beautiful. He reached a hand toward her.Wait, Blaise said. Her face assumed a tragic, wistful expression. First, Im going to tell you a sad story. I used to have a little pawl that I loved, a cocker spaniel, and we would take long walks together around dusk.Thea gave her cousin a narrow sideways look. Shed never heard such a lie. And what was Blaise talking about dogs for?But he was run over by an eighteen-wheel Piggiy Wiggly truck, Blaise murmured. And ever since, Ive been so lonely. I miss him so much. She fixed her eyes on the boy in front of her. Luke . .. will you be my little dog? Luke looked c onfused.You see, Blaise went on, slipping a hand in her pocket, if I could just have somebody to remind me of him, Id feel so much better. So if youd wear this for meShe was holding a blue dog collar.Luke looked even more confused. Redness was creeping up his neck and jaw. His eyes filled.For me? Blaise coaxed, jingling the collar- which was way too big for a spaniel, Thea noticed. Id be so grateful.Luke looked as if he were having a tremendous internal struggle. His breathing was uneven. He swallowed. A muscle in his jaw twitched.Then, very slowly, he reached for the collar. Blaise held it down low.Lukes eyes followed the collar. Jerkily, as if his muscles were fighting each other, he knelt down at Blaises side. He stayed there, stone-faced, as Blaise fastened the dog collar around his neck.When it was secure, Blaise laughed. She glanced at the other girls, then jingled the alloy loop for the dog tag. Good boy, she said, and patted his head.Lukes face lit up with an excitement tha t bordered on ecstasy. He stared into Blaises eyes.I love you, he said huskily, still squatting.Blaise wrinkled her nose and laughed again. Then she zipped up the bronze jacket.The change on Lukes face was much quicker this time than his first transformation. For an instant he looked solely blank, then he glanced around as if hed suddenly woken up in a classroom.His fingers went to the dog collar. His face contracted in anger and horror and he jumped up.Whats going on? What am I doing?Blaise just gazed at him serenely. Luke tore the collar off and kicked it. Although he was glaring at Blaise, he didnt seem to remember the last few minutes. You-are you gonna tell me what you want or not? he snapped, his upper lip trembling. Because Im not going to wait all day. Then, when nobody said anything, he walked huffily off. His buddies across the courtyard were roaring with laughter.Oops, Blaise said. I forgot about the car keys. She turned to the other girls. But Id say it works. Id say its scary, Dani whispered. Id say its incredible, Selene murmured. Id say its unbelievable, Vivienne added. And Id say its the Armageddon of accessories, Thea thought. And, incidentally, so much for Selene and Vivienne changing their ways. They may have been shocked at what happened to Randy and Kevin, but it sure didnt last.Blaise, she said tightly, if you walk around school showing that, you are going to cause a riot. But Im not going to walk around school showing it, Blaise said. Theres only one guy Im interested in right now. And this-she touched her throat- has his blood in it. If it works like that on other people, I wonder what it will do to him?Thea took a few deep breaths to relax her stomach. She had never gone one-on-one with Blaise in a matter of witchcraft. And no one had ever challenged Blaise for a boy.But she didnt have a choice-and putting this off wouldnt help.I suppose youre planning to find some time to ambush him, she said. Some time when Im not around.It worked . Blaise stood, tall and regal in her bronze silk jacket, hands in her pockets, hair like a waterfall behind her. She gave Thea a slow smile.I dont need to ambush anybody, she said with dreadful confidence. In fact why dont we set up a meeting after school? Just the three of us. You, me, and Eric-a showdown. And may the best witch win.

Employee Satisfaction

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT EMBA, 2ND BATCH, 4TH SEMESTER ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, KUSHTIA BANGLADESH A RESEARCH PROPOSAL BY (Monirul islam) (Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) (Jahangir Alam) ID nary(prenominal) 1102050711 ID No. 1102050713 ID No. 102050722 EMBA, second push-down list EMBA, 2nd Batch EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester 4th Semester 4th Semester emailemailprotected com emailemailprotected com emailemailprotected com cellular telephone No. 1818306151 Cell No. 01711210710 Cell No. 01550151433 (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester emailemailprotected com Cell No. 01550151433 SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. Md. Zakaria Rahman Chairman, Department of Management, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh. Cell Phone01711501307 Telephone+88-071-62021-6 Extn. 2278,2296,2481 (Off. ) email emailprotected com Webwww. iubd. net Declaration We declare that the proposal we are submitting for assessment contains no section copied in whole or in part from either other man-m ade lake unless explicitly identified in quotation marks and with detailed, complete and accurate referencing. (Monirul islam) (Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) (Jahangir Alam) ID No. 1102050711 ID No. 1102050713 ID No. 102050722 EMBA, 2nd Batch EMBA, 2nd Batch EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester 4th Semester 4th Semester emailemailprotected com emailemailprotected com emailemailprotected com Cell No. 01818306151 Cell No. 01711210710 Cell No. 1550151433 (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester emailemailprotected com Cell No. 01550151433 i Contents 1 INRODUCTION pageboy 1 1. 1 The Problem command 1 1. 2 purpose of the study 1 1. The objectives of the study 1 1. 4 Research questions 2 1. 5 Scope of the Research 2 2 THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 2 2. Research Design 2 2. 2 Data Source 2 2. 3 Data Collection Techniques 2 2. 4 stress Techniques 3 2. Data Analysis and Interpretation 3 3 WORK PLAN 3 4 REFERENCES 3 ii TITLE AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM persistence AT KUMARKHALI, KUSHTIA iii 1.INTRODUCTION The Handloom sedulousness is the ancient and the most important cottage industry of Bangladesh. This industry has lots of glorious past. Once upon a time, The Handloom industries were the only source of human clothing. Still now, this sector meets a portion of the total clothes production of Bangladesh. This sector provides employment many people still now. But this industry now faces threat of extinction because of various barriers which made us to develop this study over the handloom industry of Kumarkhali, Kushtia, Bangladesh. 1. The Problem Statement What are the problems of Handloom Industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia and what could be the possible upshot of the problems of such industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 2The purpose of the Research The main purpose of this research is to meet the partial fulfillment of check of Business Administration Degree on Management, Islamic University Kushtia, Bangl adesh and investigate the real problems of the handloom industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia in order to find out the possible solution of the problem depending on the factors that would be investigated.This study may be an important tool for further study on the problems of the handloom industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 3The objectives of the study ( To fall upon the problems lie in the production process. ( To identify the problems in distribution of handloom products. ( To identify the problems associated with level skill. ( To identify the problems associated with government support. ( To identify the problems associated with the organizing Capability ( To identify the level of take of these products in market. To identify the nimble competitors of this sector. ( To identify the potential market. Page1 1. 4The research questions ( What are the problems lie in the production process? ( What are the problems in distribution of handloom products? ( What are the problems associated with level skill? ( What are the problems associated with government support? ( What are the problems associated with the organizing Capability? ( How much demand of these products in market? ( Who are the immediate competitors of this sector? ( Where the potential market of handloom products? 1. Scope of the Research This research provide try to answer the problem statement as verbalise. This research location will be Tebaria, Sherkandi Alongipara Gopalpur under Kumarkhali Upazilla, Kushtia, Bangladesh. We will try to nail down the topic as much as possible. The ability of physical presence in the stated locations will provide the in-depth scope of the research. 2. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 2. 1Research design Quantitative research method will be basic research design. For this, on spot conform to will be carried out. The handloom weavers will be the main responder of the research. 2. Data sources Both of the Primary selective information and secondary data will be the data sour ce of the research. The people of the selected locations who are directly convolute in handloom weaving will be the source of primary data. Opinion of the local government representatives will be taken into account as secondary data source. 2. 3Data collection techniques Various techniques will be used to collect the data. For this oral interview of the respondent will be taken. A prescribed questionnaire (having structured and open questions) will be supplied to the each respondent to answer the specific questions. 2. Sampling techniques All the families involved in handloom weaving in the selected locations will be population of the research. Each will be treated as a sample. Maximum possible families will be taken as sample on random basis. Each elements of each sample will be interviewed and prescribed questionnaire will be supplied to them in order to answer the questions. 2. 5Data analysis and interpretation The gathered data through interview and questionnaire will be analyz ed and interpreted using suitable statistical tools such as tables, chart, percentage, probability, correlation etc. 3. WORK PLAN STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PLAN DEADLINE FOR COMPLETION Submission of the proposal By 31 August 2012 Design of a research plan By 10 September 2012 Design of questionnaire By 15 September 2012 Interviews/posting of questionnaires, etc. By 16 30 September 2012 Raw tabulations/draft analysis of data By 01-07 October 2012 Final Analysis of data By 08-15 October 2012 Report up of findings By 16-20 October 2012 Final Report By 21-31 October 2012 Presentation As per Schedule date of University ** Work plan may be changed depending on situation or as per requirements of Supervisor. References 1. Business Research Methods, 8th edition, Zikmund Babin Carr Griffin 2. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social-research 3. http//www. banglapedia. org/httpdocs/HT/K_0319. HTM 4. http//www. kumarkhali. com/index. php? option=com _content&view=article&id=41%3Aabout-kumarkhali-powroshova-&catid=32%3Akumarkhali&Itemid=52 5. http//www. thedailystar. net/lifestyle/2005/07/01/centre. htm Page2 Page3

A Study of the Cultural Imperialism Theory Essay

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the validity of the Cultural Imperialism Theory which judges the horse opera shade has dominated the refinings of ontogenesis Nations. It examines to what extent and how the Western world in the real sense has dominated the developing countries. The study further examined the means through which the developing countries are being dominated cultur completelyy by the Western culture. The paper further looked at both the negative and the positive degree effects of cultural imperialism. It reason that though the Hesperian world is succeeding in eroding the culture of developing countries and Nigeria as a study, Nigeria as a Nation should put on some safety belt in safeguarding our heritage.INTRODUCTIONCulture is the mien of life of a set of people. It encompasses the knowledge, ideas, depressions, values, standards, and sentiments prevalent in the group. According to Charles A. Ellwood, an American Sociologist, culture is the collective name for all behavior patterns socially acquired and socially transmitted by means of signs. Dare A., defines Culture as the collectivity of human beings activities and general principles that hunt down to guide ideas of a group of people with shared traditions (general acceptability), which are passed on, instilled into generation (socialization) and reinvigorated by members of the group (sustainability) p roach Imperialism as defined by The vocabulary of Human Geography is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, unremarkably between states and often in the form of an empire, based on control and subordinationThe Theorist of Cultural Imperialism theory, Herb Schiller postulated that Western nations dominate the media around the world which in return has a powerful effect on terce World Cultures by means of horrible on them, western views in that locationby destroying their native cultures Western Civilization produces the majority of the media (film, news, comics, etc.) beca utilization they fuddle the money to do so. The tranquillity of the world purchases those productions because it is cheaper for them to do so rather than produce their own. Therefore, Third World countries are watching media filled with the Western worlds way of living, believing, and thinking. The terce world cultures then start to want and do the same things in their countries and destroy their own culture. In cultural Imperialism theory, the key words are culture and imperialism.According to Anaeto G., Onabajo, O. and Osifeso, J. (2008), they wrote that the western countries are technologically developed in television and motion programmes and developing countries that are not technologically developed depend on the programmes from the developed countries. This means that the programmes from the developed counties which portray their culture impart be imbibed by the developing nations. This western culture now dominates our local culture only if because we are consuming their mass media messages. The assumptions of the theory according to Schiller, H., are classified into three namely 1. Ontological Assumptions 2. Epistemological Assumptions3. Axiological Assumptions1. Ontological AssumptionsThis theory says that existence do not have the free go forth to chose how they feel, act, think, and persist. They react to what they see on television because there is nothing else to compare it to besides their own lives, usually portrayed as less than what it should be. 2. Epistemological Assumptions This theory explains that there is one truth and no matter what that truth never going to change. As want as Third World countries continue to air Western Civilizations programs then the triplet world countries will always believe they should act, feel, think, and live as Western Civilizations act, feel, think, and live. 3. Axiological Assumptions This theory is value-neutral and objective. It does not matter what beliefs the people of Third World may already hold, the television programs from the Western World will communicate the same message and affect them in the same way.CRITIQUES OF THEORYThe critiques of the Cultural Imperialism theory came up with scientific theory which counter-argued the theory with the following responses explanatory Power It explains what happens when one group of people with their own ideas sends messages through the media to a different group of people. Predictive Power It predicts that Third World countries culture will be destroyed and the people will identify with Western views. Parsimony We can see a direct linear path from sender to telephone receiver through the media channels and then watch the effects.Falsifiability The theory could be turn out false should the Third World countries not be affected by Western media and they do not lose their culture. E.G Under the intriguing title Seducing the French (1993), Richard F.Kuisel concedes that the French un derwent a process of Americanization. But at the same time, they succeeded in defend their Frenchness. French consumers found some American products appealing but they also continued to cherish and idealize French national identity, notably the idea of a superior French high culture.Internal Consistency There is a logical flow of events and consequences within the theory. Heuristic Provocativeness This theory could lead to new hypotheses much(prenominal) as which cultures are affected more than others (if some(prenominal)) or whether low context differ in the reception of messages compared top high context cultures? Organizing Power This fits with what we already know about differences between Western civilization and Third World countries. Another example the critique stated is that if an International Broadcast station shows a video depicting Nigerians as corrupt, dangerous and malnourished, should someone in Nigeria watch this the Western stereotype of Nigerians, and not affect ed by it, the theory have been proved false.John, T., further argues that Cultural imperialism consists of the spread of modernity. It is a process of cultural loss and not of cultural expansion. There never were groups of conspirators who attempted to spread any particular culture. Instead, global technological and economic progress and integration reduced the importance of national culture. Therefore, it is misleading to put the blame for a global increment on any one culture. The notion of imperialism that is, purposeful cultural conquest is irrelevant instead, all countries, regardless of whether they are located in the northern or southern hemisphere, are victims of a worldwide cultural changeMODES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISMTracing world history all through the era of colonialism, there have been histories of cultural imperialism which will await the only way to explain the popularity of the very-British game cricket in all countries that once served as British colonies. Invasio n of a country approximately often doesnt end with an invasion of the geographical territories within the political boundaries alone. Religious and cultural invasion are often native parts of a political conquest. Its much easier to rule if your subjects share the same religious and cultural platforms as the invaders? The cultural imperialism theory is founded upon the premises of imposing the influences and beliefs of the stronger culture (the invaders) upon the weaker or more submissive culture (the invaded). How does this cultural Imperialism instruct place?Dare A., states that Cultural imperialism takes place when one culture everywheretakes another in such(prenominal) a way that the latter ends up following a significant number of values, traditions, beliefs and influences of the former either completely or in a way merges the influences of the dominating culture with those of its own. Such a cultural invasion can either be active or passive. In its active form, the preval ent culture forcefully imposes its cultural influences upon the dominated culture. This is a dynamic phenomenon where the subordinate culture is compelled to adopt the ways of the invaders. The passive form is when one culture (not of necessity subordinate) voluntarily embraces the influences and traditions of another culture. Here, the dominant culture makes little or no forceful efforts in imposing its cultural ideals upon another but the latter write downs influenced as a consequence of its receptivity to the formers cultural impacts. The passive form of cultural imperialism is what queen-sizely takes place today.Cultural imperialism can also fare due to the significant commercial relations between two countries. A country heavily importing products and services of another country may get significantly influenced by the exporting countrys lifestyle attributes and social values. We can see this phenomenon in the form of Westernization of a number of Eastern countries. This is a type of passive cultural imperialism as the receiving culture adopts the foreign values without perceiving the fact that they are, in fact, becoming slaves of a foreign culture.WORLD EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM incline Cultural ImperialismEnglish cultural imperialism has been rife in the history of cultural imperialism. Latin which has the Churchs official language to popularizing its national game all across its colonies was changed to English. The British Empire left no stone unturned to make sure that its subjects adhered to its cultural idiosyncrasies even decades after ceasing to be its subjects. The fact that play is among the top ten to the highest degree popular sports around the world with an estimated 3 billion fan following, especially in countries like Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, New Zealand and authorized African and Caribbean countries proves the strength of the English cultural imperialism. It is also a known fact that English is the third most spoken language after mandarin orange tree and Spanish.Decades of dominion and repressive policies towards Tibet, Taiwan and various other neighboring regions by China has had a significant influence upon the religion and culture of these regions. The aggressive promotion of a standardized Chinese language across Mainland China and Taiwan indicates towards an attempted cultural imperialism aimed at overtaking regional dialects in these sports stadiums. Also, the fact that most traditional aspects of the Chinese culture pertaining to religious beliefs, festivals and social norms significantly inundate the socio cultural edifices of various Oriental countries indicate towards strongly existing cultural imperialism.The most widespread and still continuing instance of cultural imperialism can be seen in the form of Americanization. This is mostly due to the multitudes of commercial relationships the United States holds with a large number of countries in all parts of the world. This is definitely passive cultural imperialism and the countries that are most affected are those that have voluntarily follow the stereotypical American lifestyle values and specific cultural aspectsCULTURAL IMPERIALISM IN NIGERIAThe Issue of SaggingSagging has become the latest phenomenon among the mannish youths today in Nigeria. It is what is in vogue if you have not exposed the lower part of your private, you belong to the old school system. What is sagging and where did it come from? According to Greg, M., sagging was adopted from the United States prison system where belts are prohibited. Belts are sometimes prohibited to keep prisoners from using them as weapons or in committing suicide by break themselves. The style was later popularized by hip-hop artists in the 1990s. It has since become a symbol of freedom and cultural awareness among some youths or a symbol of their rejection of the values of mainstream society. Jails are typically state run ins titutions. What usually happens is the state will order a set number of inmate uniforms. These uniforms are usually in general sizes like small, medium and large making them ill-fitting for most inmates.When a medium sized inmate comes in and there are no remaining medium uniforms this inmate will receive a large instead. Prisoners are not allowed to have shoe laces or belts for fear theyd use them to kill themselves (by way of strangulation or hanging), or as weapons to kill or injure other inmates. The combination of over sized clothing and deficiency of fastening devices created the perfect storm for falling pants. Many street hungry rappers latched on the dress of their incarcerated friends and family and brought the style to the masses. Thus a new trend was natural and Nigerians have fallen into this trend Linguistic Imperialism Language is one of the principal elements in identifying a particular culture and the absence of it makes a culture unidentifiable. It is bouncy for cultural transmission and preservation.With the gradual loss of our indigenous languages in Nigeria, what culture are we then preserving? Ogwu, M., Agbanu, N. and Ofordile, J. describes Linguistic Imperialism as People who can relate with from each one other only through the medium of communication foisted on them by a former colonist are victims of a peculiar manakin of dementia praecox. The use of our language is declining in Africa especially Nigeria because we are compelled to embrace Western culture and civilization as Western language. Western language has created a ingredient between an elite and mass of our people who still cannot do business with foreign language. It causes alienation for people who cannot speak English or French. Language is a vehicle of culture we are in a very serious problem. e.g. Professor Babafunwa project on local language as a staple fiber tool of teaching in Nigeria was aborted because of the nature of our country.Parents also do not encourag e their children or wards to speak in their local language as they belief it causes setback in their education. Fashion imperialism You hardly find few of our men, women and the youths who still embrace our cultural mode of dressing. Our people are going gaga with the western way of dressing thereby losing their root of African way of dressing. Its quite unfortunate that when expatriates and tourist who come to Nigeria appreciate our native attire time the owners of the heritage has seen it as something of old school and fashion.Tattoos have also become a common phenomenon. Both the young and old are stamping themselves all over the body with symbolic devilish tattoos. Religious Imperialism Most churches in Nigeria today have gone the western way. When you go to some churches today, you marvel at the way some our ladies apparel. The custom of covering of hair has been eroded by the western way all kinds of dressing are acceptable. The men or young male adults put on all sort of jew els and dress haggardly. The sense of going to commune with God is lost.EFFECTS OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM Moral Decadency through with(predicate) the float of western culture into Nigeria through the advent of technology and globalization, there has been obvious moral decline in Africa and in Nigeria in particular. This moral devolution has permeated almost all spheres of our culture. Moral consciousness has been equated with awkward and odd life styles. According to Oshafu, H., in his article Cultural Imperialism, this resulted due to Africas carelessness and disaster to hold their culture with high esteem. He added that the moral excellence of African society has over night transformed into moral decay. Elders are no continuing respected, our rapid festivals and ceremonies are now seen as old school and we now have children of single parents, a phenomenon that is identifiable with America. People no longer communalize, aught wants to be anybodys brothers keeper. Our mode of dres sing has been totally distorted by western civilization through foreign films and media kernel.Today we seem not to have any cultural attire. Our people now prefer to go naked on the streets as against our culture, micro minis with handless tops has this to show. The socializing of blue jean and hamburger has gradually found it way into young people in African society. The cope of dress code has led to controversies in our high institute in today. Cases of immoral dressing have also gave way to rapid sexual harassment among students and lecturers, bosses and their employees. Raping in our society today came as a result of reckless dressing code by ladies The traditional notion of chastity and virginity have been rendered absurd by pornographic and sleazy materials displayed on screens, distorting sexuality and condoning promiscuity, which has given rise to active homosexuality and lesbianism in our society today.These cases of reckless sex have led to the rapid spread of STDs par ticularly, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDs in our society today. Innocent children are dying of this disease. They paid dearly for the offence committed by their parents. This is immoral evil militating against the dignity of human person. Increase in Crime Rate With exposure to the western way of life, increase in crime rate is on high. Most of the films we watch on the television set are crime oriented thereby leading to increase in crime rate. In as much as there is positive impact of the television set, the negative aspect outweighs the dangerous part, as the western world is teaching modern ways to crime though the kind of programmes being disseminated, which includes kidnapping, serial killing etc.Look for more pointsWe have scholars who however belief that Cultural Imperialism theory regardless of its negative effect has its positive side. Cultural imperialism they say is not entirely bad as it increases the pace of development in Nigeria and other less developed countries . For example, in the giving international of media products free of charge or selling them at a very low price to these developing nations, the US actually accelerates the growth of the media industry and the forward motion in technology, hence increasing the knowledge and skills of the people there. Their actions not only add on to actual growth the subsequent increase in human capital further boosts potential growth, which is essential for the actual growth to be sustained in the long run. This investment in human capital goes a long way and benefits the country as it strengthens the competitive edge and increases productivity of the workforce.Economic growth is also achieved Even more so, being a developing nation, Nigeria would not have had the latest technology available to produce media products it is only through the provision of the American companies that they are able to obtain state-of-the-art equipment. The protagonism of production of local-helmed programs would thus further enhance American influence on the nation. Despite establishment efforts to hinder cultural imperialism, they cannot completely eliminate the impacts of this influence as American media products have already found their way into the market and become a part of Nigerias media production efforts. They need such interference in order to keep their media industry alive WAY FORWARD Long Term coronation in the Development of our Mass MediaOne way cultural imperialism spreads is through the mass media. The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to learn to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rather than source for their own stories. Sometimes even rewrite local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous content that will reflect our culture, values, promote our languages etc. Media products like movies, news, music, publicise etc should be regulated to avoid the influx of foreign content. This is where organizations like the Nigerian Broadcasting Service come in. They should develop stronger laws and be strict in its enforcement of the laws such as the 60/40% rule (60% indigenous, 40% foreign). If the indigenous media products are of high quality, the citizens will be advance to consume them.This is so because a lot of people give the low quality of the products (movies, music, adverts, news etc) as reasons for not consuming them. If Nigerians consume indigenous media products, it will reflect in every area of our lives (culturally that is). An example is what is happening in the Nigerian music industry,. Because of the increase in local content in our music, it is now becoming acceptable and even encouraged to sing in our indigenous languages(Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo etc), dress in our nati ve attires most especially Ankara and wear our national colors. There has been a rise in the popularity of Pidgin English as opposed to just speaking plain English. Also the teaching of our indigenous languages should be encouraged in our schools. All primary and subsidiary schools should be encouraged to teach at least one Nigerian language at all classes especially in the nonage regions of the country where the minority languages are in danger of becoming extinct.Parents should further speak their native dialect with their wards or children to aid them to be conversant in their local dialect. young adults today see it as a taboo or as inferiority complex speaking in their local dialect it does not fail tush rather local parents more importantly should be more watchful and observant in the kind of foreign stations their children tune to for their programmes as media has become the primary means by which many of us experience or learn about many aspects of the world around us Stan ley and Dennis, fifth edition,p.200). With the presence of technology, access to International broadcast station is at the tip of the hand, we have cables surrounding us and with just a remote control, you can be anywhere in the world learning and assimilating what is been impressed on you. As such supervision is needed to regulate what is been watched.Parents should devout time for their children while they are still young as most of the western values tend to catch them while they are still young just as the catch them young phrase. Another solution is to try to export our own culture as this will help in boosting tourism in Nigeria. We should conscious try to sell and promote our media products to the rest of the world. This will improve our image globally and help foreigners understand our culture, values, cuisine better. I would like to say at this point that we should not consume wholly indiginous media products. A little foreign content is still advisable as there has been so me good aspects of cultural imperialism such as technological and educational advancement, political structure (democracy), eradication of some harmful practices like the killing of twins etc. We should take a balanced approach, like an 80 (indigenous))/20% (foreign).CONLUSIONAs a result of globalization and technological advancement, the western world has succeeded in dominating the third world countries. This notwithstanding should not be an excuse for Nigerians and other third world countries to be subjugated by the western world. Nigerian as a nation should fight cultural imperialism and fight back for our lost culture. One way by which this could be done is through Long Term Investment in the Development of our Mass Media as it is the major means by which cultural imperialism spreads.The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to learn to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rather than source for their own stories. Sometimes even rewriting local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous content that will reflect our culture, values, promote our languages etc.REFERENCESAnaeto, S. G., Onabajo, O. S. and Osifeso, J. B. (2008). Models and Theories ofCommunication. African Renaissance Books Incorporated.Dare, A., (2010). The Effects of Western Civilization and Culture on Africa. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences (1/1) draw and quarter IVGrifin, E. (2000). A first look at communication theory. (4th edition). Boston, MA McGraw- HillLittlejohn, S. W. (1999). Theories of human communication (6th edition). Belmont, CAWadsworth.Oshafu H. U. Cultural Imperialism. Accessed from http//www.buzzle.com/articles/culturalimperialism-examples.html on 12/11/2012.Ogwu, M., Agbanu, N., and Ofordile, J. (D ecember, 2010). Sustaining Cultural ValuesThrough the Promotion of Indigenous Languages in Nigeria Journal ofCommunication and Culture International Perspective. (1/3), pp 76Schiller, H. I. (1976). Communication and Cultural Domination. Armonk, NY International humanistic discipline and Sciences Press. Accessed online on 29/10/2012.Critics of cultural imperialism theory. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation available Accessed at http//www.americanforeignrelations.com on 29/10/2012

CVS business proposal Essay

IntroductionIn the United States, CVS is the largest pharmacy retail makeup. This partnership ope lay outs over 6100 retail stores and specialty stores countrywide and has employed over 170,000 workers. There is a necessity of go a wider range of prescription medication options and selections system-wide in a struggle for serving the consumer base of CVS chemists shop more consistently and effectively.The purpose of this paper is to select a more realistic good or service for an existing industry. The paper leave identify the market structure, along with elasticity of the intersection and will also implicate the way the pricing will relate to elasticity of the product. Furthermore, the paper will include the way the varietys in the metre supplied as a result of the pricing decisions will affect borderline cost and borderline revenue. Moreover, the paper will focus on the non-pricing strategies, and will explain the way the changes in the business operations could alter the mix of fixed and variable cost in line with the strategy. marketplace StructureThe market structure of CVS Pharmacy is an oligopoly. It is a market structure in which a itsy-bitsy bout of organizations sell either differentiated or standardized products in which other organizations gate is difficult. In this market structure, the control of the firm is limited over footing of the product imputable to mutual interdependence (with the exception of when there is conspiracy surrounded by the organization) and in which there is a non-pricing rivalry (McConnell and Brue, 2004).The oligopoly turn out is the most common structure of big -business as the establishment of self-assertion was limited in the United States. Evasion of pricing rivalry has turned out to be most automatic with four or five larger firms accountable for most of the output of every industry.If an organization were to drop the prices, it is expected that their competition will do the same and all will undergo a lo wer profit. Conversely, it is unsafe for any singular firm to increase their prices as the others will hold the prices with the pattern of gaining a shargon of the market. The safest strategy is to never lower prices and raise prices only when there is abundant turn up that the other firms will also raise prices. When business conditions permit, the price leader will raise their prices with the anticipation that others will follow (McConnell and Brue, 2004).Price ElasticityPrice elasticity tells how much of an impact a change in price will postulate on the consumers willingness to buy that item. If the price rises, the law of demand states that the bill demanded of that item will decrease (Jennifer Tuck, Chron Small Business, 2013). Price elasticity of demand indicates the decrease in the quantity demanded. Elastic-demand indicates that the consumers of the goods or service are extremely sensitive to a change in prices. Generally, a product which has numerous substitutes or is not a necessity has demanded elasticity.Elastic demand indicates that the customers of the product are not extremely sensitive to price alterations. Upon analysis of elasticity of pharmaceutic products, it is certain that pharmaceutical products cannot be considered as a necessity. Medication is considered to be a basic item, essential for the prevention and treatment of ailments and disease and, consequently, they make believe a particular, non-substitutive tenacity and thus are not a necessity. It indicates, consequently, that they cannot be considered as elastic.(Tom Vander Beken, 2007). While it is actual for some branded goods with little rivalry, the demand for more crowded beneficial classifications where there are generic equivalents or rival satisfying substitutes can be highly elastic. It indicates that changes in price are met in relation to the quantity with larger changes demanded. For pharmaceutical makers, the primary goal is to realizing the degree of price elastici ty. pharmaceutic makers, for bettor understanding price elasticity, utilize a range of methods for assessing price elasticity, comprising quantitative research, qualitative research, and retrospective selective information analysis assessing the effects of a number of levels on prescription demand (Brent L. Rollins, Matthew Perri, 2013).Marginal Cost & taxA way to determine the quantity of profit maximization is to conclude where marginal revenue equals marginal costs. Rather than computing the profit forall levels of sales total revenue and total variable costs are considered. Marginal revenues and marginal costs are considered in a similar way homogeneous marginal profit, thus defining the amount of change for all sales levels (Huter, 2012, p.2).Pricing & Non-Pricing StrategiesCVS needs to hold through numerous elements impacting its business. Pricing strategies, rivals and their current products, consumer demands and suppliers are examples of these elements. For pricing strat egies, CVS should consider closeouts, discounts, product bundle pricing, brainwave pricing, geographical pricing, and membership or trade pricing.For non-pricing strategies, options comprise enhanced service quality, drawn-out opening hours, advertising, and widen warranties (Kimmons, n.d.). By pricing similar products in a different way they must focus on regional demographics because geographic pricing modifys the maximization of profit. For promoting unique or new products at provisional price drops, penetration pricing is the most effective. Finally, bundle pricing and closeouts can be engaged when several seasonal worker goods need to be sold off to avoid a loss (Kimmons, n.d.).Enhanced service quality, longer hours and advertising needs to be included in the non-pricing strategies. Advertising grabs the attention of the consumer to the brand and engages them, making them witting of promotions and sales. Longer hours enables the organization the opportunity to service more clientsthe fisherman with the biggest net catches the most fish. In the end, the automated verification and dispensing systems implementation will boost the quality of the service, particularly in the pharmacy to enable more pharmacists to be able to counsel the patient and provide better customer service.Barriers to EntryIn the retail pharmacy industry, cost is the main barrier to entry. Economies of scale, as an incumbent, enable CVS to purchase larger quantities at lower rates due to a longer relationship with suppliers because they are purchasing in bulk. These advantages take CVS to lower prices while maintaining profit. New entrants would not be capable of adequately competing with the old firms and do not enjoy these same benefits (Anonymous, 2012). up-to-date Global Economic ConditionsIn the past six months, global economic conditions have developed. Policymakers of advanced economy effectively unflinching two of the major short-term brats to global activitiesthe threat of a sharp monetary reduction in the United States and a euro area breakup. In response, check to the latest World Economic Outlook of IMF, financial markets have rallied, and financial constancy has developed. In 2013, the subject predicts real global offshoot of Gross Domestic Product of 3.3% on a basis of per annum average, almost the similar as the 3.2% evolution perceived in 2012, and the International Monetary Fund anticipates the growth to increase to 4% in 2014 (Thomas Helbling, 2013).The pharmaceutic Industry of United States is one of the supporters of the US Economy. It has been perceived that the pharmaceutical Industry of the United States is developing quickly and is demonstrating no indications of slowing down. The growth of the pharmaceutical industry in the U.S. is also recognized as playing a very important part in the pharmaceutical industries around the world. Some experts have said that in the development of the United States pharmaceutical industries, med ia has played a key role. Experts have seen the major influence in the way the media has provoked health awareness among the people.Current Business Cycles Stage of the U.S. Economy Currently, the economy of the United States is in a award of mid-cycle expansion. As indications of economic development seem to be gaining momentum, equity markets have solidly performed this year. In new times, a boom in domestic energy and an increase in the housing market have been seen while employment carries on to develop and grow.Early this year, the fiscal cliffs resolution stop a self-inflicted damage to the economy, letting development force to endure. The index of US Leading Indicatorsmade up of 10 economic components that historically have had strong predictive power on GDP growthalso appears to confirm that growth remains intact. (Matthew Rubin, 2013). However, current indications are becoming a reason for concern. The overdue impacts of payroll tax modification and monetary reduction thr ough repossession has seemed to surprise financiers. Current Credit mart ConditionsFor consumers and for business loans, interest rates are lower this year compared to any other year. Credit supervene upon of U.S. government like discount, FFR and Prime rate are much lower. For example, there is a Prime rate of 3.25% and 10% more consumer loans are being given by the financial institutions. Still, loans for business are restrict and not given as easily as in the previous years. (Beige book, 2013) All these signs instal that the market is starting to move and customers are beginning to buy and are content with the existing economy. CVS Pharmaceutical can invest in the market on this uptick by marketing with intention of attracting more customers. deathThe market structure of the CVS Pharmacy is an oligopoly. It is a market structure in which a small number of organizations sell either differentiated or standardized products in which other organizations entry is difficult. Price e lasticity of demand indicates the decrease in the quantity demanded. Elastic-demand indicates that the customers of the service or good are extremely sensitive to change in prices.CVS needs to think through numerous elements impacting its business so they may run smoothly. If CVS modifies the way they do business, they can impact their bottom line in numerous ways. In the past six months, global economic conditions have developed. Policymakers of advanced economy effectively resolved two of the major short-term threats to global activitiesthe threat of a sharp monetary reduction in the United States and a euro area breakup. The Pharmaceutical Industry of United States is one of the supporters of the US Economy.It has been perceived that the Pharmaceutical Industry of United States is developing speedily and is demonstrating no indications of lowering down. Currently, the economy of United States is in a stage of mid-cycle expansion. As indications of economic development seem to be gaining momentum, equity markets have solidly performed this year.References Anonymous. (2012). What atomic number 18 Barriers to Entry, Retrieved from http//www.wisegeek.com/what-are-barriers-to-entry.htmBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve, Twelfth DistrictSan Francisco. (2013). Beige book. Retrieved from website http//www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/beigebook/beigebook201304.htm?san_franciscoBrent L. Rollins, Matthew Perri, 2013 Pharmaceutical marketing, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 01-Feb-2013Huter, S. (2012). How to Calculate the increasing Quantity, Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/how_6713701_calculate-profit_maximizing-quantity.htmlKimmons, R. (n.d.). Pricing Vs. Non-pricing Strategies. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/pricing-vs-nonpricing-strategies-14166.html Matthew Rubin, 2013, Director of Investment Strategy, Strategic spotlight, an update to economic business cycle, retrieved from http//www.btinvest.com.sg/experts-views/strategic-spotlight-a n-update-on-the-global-business-cycle/McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L., & Flynn, S. M. (2009). economic science Principles, problems, and policies (18th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Irwin.McConnell, C. and Brue, S. (2004). Economics principles, problems and policies, 16 ed. McGraw-Hill CompaniesJennifer Tuck, Chron Small Business, 2013, Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/relationship-between-price-elasticity-total-revenue-24544.htmlTom Vander Beken, The European Pharmaceutical Sector and Crime Vulnerabilities, Maklu, 01, Jan, 2007View as multi-pages

The Beauty of the Fictional World in Nabokov’s Bend Sinister

Since the writer himself claims that Bend Sinister is neither serious fiction nor literature of loving comment, I will refrain from making something out of vigor (for, though Nabokov does this through his fiction, I would non wish to offend him, even if he can non socially comment on my offense, just as Karl Marx maybe disliked the ruin of his suffer piece). Rather, I shall make the argument that literature to Nabokov is like beauty to life. It is not the story that matters, but instead it is for the sake of the pages about David and his father that the book was scripted and should be see (xiv).Hence, let us examine what makes Nabokovs story so lovely What begins as An oblong clear inset in the coarse asphalt transforms into Padukgrad, a fictive and totalitarian state somewhere in Europe that hosts twain men of differing philosophies yet similar power (1). Krug, the whiz, immediately surfaces as a danger to the Ekwilist society, which Paduk rules as dictator. Although th ere is a tendency to classify Padukgrad as a dys assoilia, one must line of descent that Nabokov was highly critical of Orwells cliches, calling him a mediocre English writer (2).Nabokov argues that he is neither a didacticist nor an allegorizer, twain of which could describe Orwells anti-totalitarian voice in 1984 (2). Rather, Vladamir Nabokovs first American novel, Bend Sinister, presents his fictional dictatorship not as an entity on a path to Armageddon, but as a nonliteral chess game, wherein the main character can be interpreted as the White King and the enemy as the Black King. Eventually, Krug learns that he is in fact playing a live game of chess, and thatironicallyhe is the White King in an Armageddon-style chess match for his life. For Krug, a philosopher and professor, there is no draw.Nabokov religiously places Krug in Padukgrad, for it is with precision that chess players both set and move their pieces. Whereas a king piece is safest in its initial location, beside the queen and behind a row of pawns, Bend Sinister begins with Krugs observing a fancy footprint filled to the brim with quicksilver . . . from a hospital window (1-2). Nabokov details a rather wonderful scene of a puddle in November. Beauty, I argue, and the hospital are places of sanctuary, a place where one can reflect on the beating of his loving heart (xiv). The beauty ends, however.It becomes cognise that the operation has not been successful and Krugs wife will die (2). In the first chapter, to alight on the metaphor of chess, Krug essentially loses his queen and is subsequently forced to play the rest of the game without what is generally the closely powerful piece. Also, it is interesting that he loses his queen in the first person. Throughout most of the novel, Krug is written in the threesome-person-omniscient voice, and only when the writer intends to remind the reader that Bend Sinister is not a contemporary novel, that it is genuinely an apocryphal work meant for beauty, does he switch his point of view.Perhaps, Nabokov is presenting the dramatic moment (of the chess game) through Krugs (the kings) eyes to convey the moves gravity. However, Nabokov again shifts to the first person perspective on the second to last page, just after another and better bullet hit Krug (240). In this sense, Nabokov utilizes the third person to communicate his story and the first person to denote the loss of Whites two most essential piecesthe King and queen, respectively. It is also this style that categorizes Bend Sinister as post-post-modernism literature, for Nabokov clarifies that, among the chaos of written and rewritten pages . . a big moth was clinging with furry feet to his the metafictional writers window (240). Moreover, I shall use this style to make my own points Orwells dystopic world is made realNabokovs world is made fictionally.This is the superior distinction mingled with the two books. Bend Sinister remains very much a board of pieces that m ove harmonise to the novelist. And his characters, in turn, are absurd images and illusions both to himself and to Krug (xiv). In essence, the writer is calling the shotsthe balls and strikes, and they aint nothing till he calls them. By this, Nabokov creates Padukgrad, and in it, Krug and Paduk. Interestingly, Padukgrads Ekwilist ism of the everyman wishes to create a homogenous, clone-like society wherein from each one individual is equal and outliers are either integrated or removed. This society, like many totalitarian states, seeks sensation through similarity. Thus, Nabokov presents Krug as the counterpart to PadukWhite King versus Black King, good versus evil. For example, crack Krug is depicted as a philosopher . . . ith untidy, dusty, or faintly grizzled locks . . . suggestive of the uncouth chess master or of the sulky composer, but more intelligent and Paduk as someone who never got over superficial neatness (46, 80). This is important not only because of Nabokovs explicit metaphor, but also because the Ekwilist philosophy preaches a remoulding of human individuals in conformity with a well-balanced pattern, the opposite philosophy of Krug and Nabokov. The duality is thusly created by Nabokov through philosophyanother ironic attribute.One pleasure of the book, as the writer would agree, is the humor. For instance, Paduk institutes the Party of the Average Man as base on Skotomas book, which argues that a certain computable amount of human advisedness is distributed throughout the nation of the world and that the proudest intellect and the humblest stupidity depended entirely upon the degree of world consciousness (75-76). In this, I befall that philosophy kills philosophy, king kills king, and the entire purpose of this book arises.That is, if the sake of the pages are for David and his father (Krug), then the genesis of the Ekwilist philosophy and of Padukgrad are highly significant. David is, after all, killed by both. Nabokov includes in Bend Sinister, after describing the origins of Ekwilism, that Skotoma omitted to define both the practical method to be pursued and the kind of person or persons responsible for planning and directive the process (76). I find this quite humorous for several reasons other than those listed afore. First, Paduk breaks Nabokovs first rule.Paduk not only takes Skotomas book to be serious literature, but then he also misinterprets it. To note, this is why I refrain in my introductory paragraph from making something out of nothing and why I mention Marx, whose philosophy like Skotomas is essentially ruined by a lesser, more park man. It is also a reason perhaps for Nabokovs distaste of George Orwell. Second, it is ironic that the kind of person who instills this philosophy in Paduk is actually Krug, for Krug drives Paduk in their youth to this uniform extreme.On page 36, for example, Nabokov reveals that Paduk, the Ruler, colloquially known as the toad, had been a checkmate of Krugs . Then later, on page 50, Krug reveals to his scholarly peers at the University that he was something of a bully and use to trip Paduk up and sit upon his face . . . every blessed day for about five school years. This treatment of Paduk eventually leads him to favor the Ekwilist philosophy and form a totalitarian state. It also leads the reader to show Krugs and Paduks duality, their chess match, and the way in which the White King is losing.Moreover, on the topic of sarcasm and humor (which is beautiful), Bend Sinister is a reflection of Nabokov. One might draw comparison to heraldry whereby the novel derives its name. A pitch-black is in fact a colored band running from the upper respectable side of a shield to the lower left side its opposite is the bend sinister, which runs from left top to right bottom. In the novel, Paduk represents the bend sinister of the shield and Krug represents the sinister, in that the Ekwilist philosophy (the extreme of socialism if you will) is a sinister (evil) bend to the left.Also worthwhile to point out is the name of the shields surfacethe field. A chess match is a battle of kings and pawns on a battlefield. I make my final and validity argument here, as I still wish not to make something out of nothing, but I wish more to make something rather than nothing Adam Krug is the metaphorical bend sinister to Nabokov. For instance, Adam Krug is a non-smoker, whereas Nabokov admits that his daily consumption of cigarettes had reached the four-package mark (36, xi). Also, the voice of the novel switches between the writers conscious thoughts and Krugs story.In this way, Krug is Nabokov and Nabokov is Krug, but they are not entirely the same. They are the duality of the writer. Just as the protagonist is the king of the book, so too is the novelist. But because Krug is the non-conscientious half, at least in reality, he is the bend sinister of what is good. Literature is often taken out of context or made to be something out o f nothing, and Nabokov despised this fact. I have drawn references to Orwell throughout because he, to the abhorrence of Nabokov, wrote in protest to leftist totalitarian states.By doing this, Orwell is upholding the greatest mistake of making something out of nothing because all totalitarian states, like Padukgrad with Ekwilism, take literature or philosophy out of context, and thus, to make a story from nothing results in nothing. Nabokov, a man of unbent genius, does not present Krug as one. For, although Krug is the greatest thinker in his own world, the fictional world is not real. The fictional world is merely aesthetics for the real world. And the sake of his presentation is merely for David and his father, Nabokovs beautiful creations.