Special Educational Needs Essay Example

Unique Educational Needs Essay Example Unique Educational Needs Essay Unique Educational Needs Essay Custom curriculum needs. The most recent fifty years have seen noteworthy changes in the training of understudies with extraordinary adapting needs. An expected 1. 7 million students in the UK have extraordinary instructive needs (SEN), with more than 250,000 having explanations of SEN (Russell 2003, 215). Numerous positive advances have been made in instructing these youngsters, with extraordinary necessities kids accepting more choices and learning openings. How these open doors are introduced has been a continuous wellspring of discussion. There are essentially two ways of thinking in a specialized curriculum: one backers mainstreaming and consideration, different backings extraordinary schools and isolated projects. Enactment and instructive strategy have swung to and fro between the two camps, and keeping in mind that there keeps on being difference on how best to serve SEN kids, legitimate advances consistently accommodate better arrangement in general for these children’s adapting needs. Entering the 1950s, SEN arrangement depended on the 1944 Education Act, which approached LEAs to choose a child’s requirement for exceptional treatment and fitting instructive measures (Anon 2004, 1). Kids regarded â€Å"ineducable’ were sent to unique schools (Anon 2004, 1). These post-war instructive groupings, while apparently brutal by today’s standards,â â€Å"were seen as a positive improvement† (Potts 1995, 399). By the 1960s, wording changed from intellectually lacking and ‘feeble-minded’ to instructively sub-typical, and an accentuation on mainstreaming SEN understudies into standard state funded schools developed (Potts 1995, 399). The Warnock Report, The Education of Handicapped Children and Young People, was distributed in 1978 (Potts 1995, 398). The record â€Å"provided the establishment for progressive change in considering the instructive needs of kids with extraordinary needs† (Anon 2004, 2). The report tried to cover any understudy realizing needs that couldn't be met by educators in a normal standard study hall, and supported incorporation as opposed to unique schools (Anon 2004, 2). Woman Warnock fought in her report that â€Å"we ought to think about the perfect of remembering all kids for the regular instructive endeavor of learning, any place they can best learn† (Kent 2005, 29). The Warnock Report was before long followed by the Education Act of 1981, a broad enactment in regards to training when all is said in done, however with huge effect for understudies with uncommon adapting needs (Potts 1995, 398). The meaning of SEN expanded impressively, and more kids were required to be assessed for SEN, prompting consistent increments in the quantity of a specialized curriculum understudies all through the following two decades (Potts 1995, 398). Significantly, the Act kept any youngster from being denied instruction, paying little mind to impedance, and emphatically bolstered mainstreaming and consideration at whatever point conceivable (Kent 2005, 29). The 1981 Education Act requires a proper appraisal of all possibly SEN kids, an arrangement held by ensuing enactment (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 220). A ‘Statement of Special Educational Needs’ is created by instructive specialists, who are answerable for characterizing the child’s regions of need and proposing instructive rules to best serve the youngster (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 221). The SEN Statements are to put kids in standard schools if the child’s needs can be met there, their essence doesn't meddle with different children’s learning, and consideration is a productive utilization of assets (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 221). The UN Rights of the Child Convention, embraced by the UK in 1991, proceeded with the 1981 Education Act’s accentuation on consideration. The Convention fought, in addition to other things, that debilitated kids â€Å"should have powerful access to and get instruction which energizes the fullest conceivable social joining and individual development† (Anon 2004, 2). Not all guardians or LEAs bolstered consideration, in any case, and numerous families contended they ought to have more contribution to choices with respect to their children’s instruction, and that the perplexing and bureaucratic interests process required change (Goldthorpe 2004, 130). Guardians who couldn't help contradicting a LEA’s appraisal of or suggestions with respect to their kids made an intrigue before a neighborhood board of chose agents in an extensive and confused two-level framework (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 224). The procedure regularly brought about logjams, and postponements were disappointing to all gatherings included (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 224). In 1993 the administration reacted with another Education Act, which set up the SEN Tribunal (Henshaw 2003, 7). The Tribunal furnished guardians with privileges of change, whereby they could challenge choices by the LEA in regards to their youngsters (Henshaw 2003, 7). Parents’ (and later children’s) sees were currently required to be givenâ equivalent legitimacy in the appraisal and choice procedures (Henshaw 2003, 7). In 1994, an updated Code of Practice on Special Educational Needs further bolstered family contribution (Kenworthy and Whittaker 2000, 224). The Code was intended to control and improve the general arrangement for SEN understudies, and â€Å"charges those dependable with furnishing the instruction which is fitting with respect for the child’s uncommon instructive need† (Anon 2004, 3). Noteworthy enactment proceeded all through the 1990s. The exhaustive Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 itemized far reaching social liberties for every incapacitated individuals, including SEN understudies (Anon 2004, 3). The 1996 Education Act proceeds with government accentuation on mainstreaming and incorporation, giving â€Å"a lawful structure to the appraisal and advancement of a specialized curriculum arrangement for kids with a custom curriculum needs† (Anon 2004, 3). â€Å"In practicing their forces and obligations under the current rule, LEAs must have respect to the general rule that understudies are to be instructed in standard schools except if that is incongruent with the desires of the guardians and the necessities of the youngster or the arrangement of effective training for other children† (Henshaw 2003, 4). Extra guidelines identified with the Act and executed in 1997 formally expect guardians to be counseled and their recommendation taken in making a child’s SEN articulation (Anon 2004, 3). The Children Act 2000 requires government and instructive specialists to make first thought the eventual benefits of the specific kid comprehensively, instead of basically basing choices their instructive needs (Goldthorpe 2004, 129). The Act additionally avows the significance of parental decision, and the perspective on the youngster as a component of a nuclear family (Goldthorpe 2004, 130). Taking into account enactment one would expect guardians would support consideration; be that as it may, all the more as of late the pendulum has all the earmarks of being swinging back towards the continuation of extraordinary schools over mainstreaming, at any rate in certain camps. For instance, Kent (2005, 30) fights Lady Warnock now accepts that â€Å"the idea of consideration was ‘the most sad legacy’ of her 1978 report,† and right now advocates â€Å"an prompt survey of SEN arrangement and a ban on the conclusion of exceptional schools. †Ã¢ [pic][pic][pic] Top of Form Order Now. It takes under 2 minutes. 1. * Email  [pic] 2. * Phone  [pic] 1. * Submit your paper question: if you don't mind give as much detail as possible)â [pic] Submit Bottom of Form [pic]The section of the Special Educational Needs Disability Act 2001 (SENDA) accommodates conclusion of extraordinary schools just as standard schools have created projects and assets to meet SEN students’ necessities (Kent 2005, 29). This tosses the SENDA into struggle with the genius consideration Education Act 1996. Henshaw (2003, 3) battles â€Å"We are starting to see an exceptional development in the strains and strife emerging from the down to earth ramifications of actualizing parts of the Education Act 1996 and Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001.  Russell (2003, 221) in any case, contends SENDA has â€Å"created better standards of the likely accomplishments of crippled youngsters and brought issues to light in instruction suppliers of their obligations to advance access and incorporation. †Ã¢ SENDA significantly builds up another arrangement of Tribunal guidelines, the Special Educational Needs Tribunal Regulations 2001, which stretches out the Tribunal to likewise co ver bids made based on separation (Henshaw 2003, 7). This permits parties in the interests procedure to welcome any number of observers to go to the intrigue and talk for their sake, and opens the hearings to any welcomed parties (Henshaw 2003, 7). More extensive government activities in the previous hardly any years have additionally expanded chance and arrangement for SEN understudies. The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2001 gives monetary and asset allotments, offering â€Å"new open doors for adaptable and individualized bundles of help using direct payments† (Russell 2003, 217). The government’s more extensive Special Educational Needs and Disability Regulations 2002 likewise incorporates arrangements to address and forestall â€Å"discrimination against impaired individuals in their entrance to education† (Henshaw 2003, 8). The National Learning Disability Strategy and the Department of Health’s Valuing People Implementation Team both look to energize more and improved network based administrations for SEN kids and their carers (Russell 2003, 221). The administration additionally made the Disability Rights Commission in 2002, intended to guarantee all administrations consider the requirements and privileges of debilitated people and try to address them proactively (Russell 2003, 215). Pivotal activities suc

Mobile Phone and Favorite Website Facebook Essay

Presentation I. A lady driving her vehicle, her eyes off the street, a mishap happened due to messaging and are discovered dead. Being harassed on facebook drove a high school young lady to end it all. II. These are the two situations in how specialized the truth is a hazardous piece of today’s society. III. I have done research in messaging and facebook that impacts individuals from multiple points of view. IV. Today, I might want to convince you that numerous individuals live in a specialized world by utilizing messaging and a site like facebook as opposed to confronting reality. (Progress: Let’s start with everyone’s most loved movement messaging) Body I. Everybody is messaging and has affected their lives, which have made them injury or even passing. Individuals content while driving, running, strolling, and even in places like school and work that are handily diverted by getting a book. A. As indicated by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety there measurements show that in the year 2010 there has been more than 33,788 lives lost. 1. Numerous individuals know the threat of messaging, yet they rather hazard their lives and simply answer that content they got or read an email as opposed to concentrating on their driving. 2. For example, on CBS News in Minnesota declared that a mother was messaging on her mobile phone, with her two children in the vehicle, and made her collide with a motorcyclist that was in genuine wounds. B. Other than messaging and driving, grown-ups and understudies are handily occupied from work or potentially school. 1. On September 2011, Chris Gayomali from Time, his insights shows that 83% of American grown-ups that own mobile phones, 73% of them send generally around 110 writings for each day or 3,200 instant messages for every month. 2. For instance, understudies are effectively occupied when they feel the bell go off on their mobile phone and are anxious to peruse their content, which cause them to free focal point of the talk. (Progress: Now that I have talked about messaging let’s proceed onward to everyone’s most loved site facebook.) II. Everybody has facebook. In excess of 800 million individuals have a profile initiated. A great many people use facebook to talk about one another even grown-ups. A. Numerous adolescents have facebook and are hurting them from multiple points of view. Some are being occupied from school; some are being tormented on facebook. As per Consumer Reports, 7 million children under 13 are on Facebook. 1. For example, the ABC News on October 2011 Nicolette Taylor a 13-year-old young lady was being tormented on facebook about her having a major nose, which made her have corrective medical procedure done at a youthful age. 2. Another occurrence happened, Douglas Stanglin from USA today, that Phoebe Prince a 15-year-old youngster an ongoing foreigner from Ireland was discovered dangling from her room dead due to being tormented on facebook and bugged. B. Other than the facebook teens’ tormenting, grown-ups are zoned into facebook at work and not concentrated on their work. 1. For insta nce, at my particular employment New York Road Runner the association of the NYC Marathon, I have seen numerous on facebook talking and perusing on photographs, which have nothing to accomplish with their work. End I. As we have heard that the virtual world is affecting everybody in various manners II. For our wellbeing and the security of others we should quit messaging and face our world. III. Being centered around a mobile phone or facebook your being occupied from school, work, companions, or places you revere. IV. I urge you today to attempt to utilize less of your PDAs or/and facebook page and focus on the world. List of sources AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety. Diverted Driving Gayomali, Chris. Jaw Dropper; 18 to 24 olds Average 110 Text Massages for each Day, Time Techland, September 2011. Print. Chang, JuJu. Tormented on Facebook, adolescent 13, Gets Nose Job, ABC News, October 2011. Print. Stanglin, Douglas. Nine, Teens accused of Bullying in Teen’s Suicide, USA Today, March 2010. Print.

Computerized Student Billing System

| HOW TO PAY SCHOOL FEES THROUGH BILLING| 1. 1 . On the off chance that your sending office (e. g. Bank of Tokyo, Sumitomo Corporation, GSIS, and so on ) is to be charged through the Office of Scholarships and Student Services (OSSS), go to Room 302, Vinzon's Hall : 1. a. Have your Form 5 endorsed by OSSS. If you don't mind check the name of the Scholarship and the benefit (e. g. Tution Only, All School expenses) in the event that it is shown on the structure. 2. b. Present your Form5 to ARS-Billing. On the off chance that your Scholarship benefit covers all school expenses, your Form 5 will be stepped REGISTERED. On the off chance that you are paying piece of the assesed charge (e. g. understudy finance, fine), follow thing 3 beneath 2. 2 . On the off chance that your sending office is to be charged through the OUR 3. a. Present the authentication of Authority to Bill from your sending organization everytime you enlist 4. b. Present your Form 5 to ARS-Billing for stepping of REGISTERED 3. 3 . In the event that you are paying piece of the imposed expense (e. g. understudy support, fine), continue to the installment region and pay the fundamental fees| International Student Billing System The understudy receivables framework brings University charges and credits into one record. The Billing and Receivables Office will arrange the most recent data from University workplaces (I. e. Budgetary Aid, Registrar's and University Housing and Dining) and set up the month to month charging proclamation. An account charge of 1% every month on the unpaid equalization from earlier month's charging will be evaluated. An understudy with a past due (burdened) account equalization will be denied enlistment. The University charges by semester, not by scholarly year. Effectively selected understudies will get their charging explanation by means of STARS. Notice will be sent to the understudy at their WIU email address when each bill is prepared to see on STARS. Understudies may set up one extra email address to which the warning may likewise be sent by telling us atâ [emailâ protected] edu. The email will incorporate the record balance and the due date. Understudies who need more than one extra charging email can contact the Student Assistance and Parent Service Center. Record detail might be seen on STARS by choosing B/R Account Detail. Disappointment toâ view a bill won't pardon fund charge appraisal or installment of the record. It is the understudy's obligation to tell the proper office of address or email amendments. Installments Billing System The Billing and Receivables Office incorporates the most recent data from University workplaces (I. e. Monetary Aid, Registrar’s, and University Housing and Dining) and readies the month to month charging articulation. Charging explanations are sent electronically to the student’s wiu. edu email address just as any parent/visitor email on record when the bill is prepared to see on STARS. The email will incorporate the record balance and the due date. Installment Due Dates Payment is expected on the 28thâ of every month. Educational cost and feesâ for the fall term are charged in August, charges for the spring term are charged in January, and charges for the late spring termâ are charged in June. Open Payment Policy: Students are answerable for paying their record adjusts inside the semester brought about. These charges, as per Western Illinois University Policy, apply to all understudies charged through the Billing and Receivables office, and are dependent upon a money charge of 1% on the unpaid record balance after the 28th of every month. Inability to see a bill won't pardon fund charge appraisal or installment of the record. It is the student’s obligation to refresh their STARS record of address or email remedies. A money related hold will be place on any reprobate understudy account that will forestall enrollment, arrival of transcripts, and arrival of confirmation. Installment Methods ACH: Make installments legitimately from your ledger via STARS Payment Online. Computerized Payment Plan: A mechanized installment plan is accessible to separate your expense of participation into a few regularly scheduled installments. Installments are deducted month to month on the fifth of the month from the assigned ledger. There isn't an account charge evaluated on the contracted sum; nonetheless, there is a $2. 00 every month exchange expense to cover preparing. Extra charges acquired over the contracted sum will be charged and dependent upon a 1% fund charge if not paid by the 28thâ of every month. An agreement must be finished on STARS by an understudy or people with parent and visitor get to. Any progressions to a finished understanding must be finished by the understudy or visitor that started the agreement. Just one agreement for every semester might be finished for every understudy. Via Mail: Mail your installment (individual check, clerks check or cash request) to the Billing and Receivables Office, 1 University Circle, Macomb IL 61455-1390. Incorporate your understudy ID number on all installments. Visa: Credit card installments may just be prepared through the Illinois Treasurer's Electronic Payment website,â www. illinoisepay. comâ or by calling 1-877-455-3729. They acknowledge MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. There is a comfort expense related with this administration. In Person: Take your installment (money, individual check, clerks check or cash request) to the University Union Service Center outside of the WIU Bookstore. Return Payments Personal checks and ACH installments that are acknowledged by any unit of the University and are returned by the student’s bank unpaid are dependent upon a punishment of $25. 00 for every each brought installment back. The University suspends the check liquidating benefit for at least one entire year if an individual has multiple installments returned by the bank in any way, shape or form. Approvals Against Delinquent Accounts * Transcript and Diploma Hold: If a record gets past due, transcripts of the student’s records won't be discharged and graduating understudies who are past due will likewise have a hold set upon their recognitions until their record is brought to current status. * Finance Charge Assessment: Delinquent records are dependent upon a month to month 1% fund charge evaluation. This sum is determined as a piece of the month to month charging process on any unpaid sum due. Inward Collections: Following the finish of every semester, understudies not enrolled for the accompanying semester should contact the Billing and Receivables Office to make installment game plans. On the off chance that your equalization isn't forked over the required funds or an installment understanding isn't made inside 90 days of the finish of the semester, a case will be submitted to the State Comptroller’s Office as per the Illinois Collection Act which approves th e derivation of the sum you owe WIU from a sum regularly because of you (I. e. finance, charge discounts, and so forth ). Lawyer/Collection Agency Placement: If installment game plans are not made on a convenient premise, the record might be alluded to a lawyer or potentially assortment office. The record may likewise be accounted for to TransUnion credit department. * Registration: Students won't be permitted to enroll for the present or future term in the event that they have a past-due equalization and might be required to prepay for the up and coming term. An understudy will stay a prepay understudy for a base time of two years. On the off chance that you have questions with respect to specific things on your bill, if it's not too much trouble contact the accompanying offices: Finance Charge/Billing Addressâ | Billing and Receivables| 309. 98. 1831| Financial Aid| Financial Aid Office| 309. 298. 2446| Library Fines| Library| 309. 298. 2705â | Tuition/Fees| Billingâ and Receiv ablesâ | 309. 298. 1831| Telephone Charges| Telecommunications| 309. 298. 2713| Health Center Charges| Beu Health Center| 309. 298. 1888| Insurance Fee| Student Health Insuranceâ | 309. 298. 1882| Parking Fines| Parking Services| 309. 298. 1921| Housing Charges| UHDS| 309. 298. 2461| Student ID Card Charges| UHDS| 309. 298. 2461| Orientation Fee| Registrar| 309. 298. 1891| Athletic Waivers| Athletics| 309. 298. 1964|

The Process of Diagnoses and Care of Students with Down Syndrome - Free Essay Example

Just as for typical children, children diagnosed with Down Syndrome are shaped and influenced by the people around them who model compassion, patience, and care. One of the main impacts on any childs happiness is their experience with their peers and educators at school. When educators view students with special needs as worthy of the same considerations and modifications as typical students, those students will have an equitable chance to reach their learning goals and build skills that will support their lives after their educational journey. My aim is to help fellow educators understand the complex life experiences of children with Down Syndrome from the day they are born and as they enter, progress through, and eventually leave the school system. I will begin this paper with an introduction to Down Syndrome diagnoses before providing a typical timeline for children with Down Syndrome before and after they enter the school system. I will also discuss some of the services and programs available to children with Down Syndrome and their families. By conveying the many facets of Down Syndrome, I hope that others will begin to see students with Down Syndrome as unique and varied as their diagnosis. Throughout this paper, I will use the name Student A to refer to a 5th grade student who has Down Syndrome. I have known Student A since they were in 1st grade and have observed them in many capacities including at school, participating in extracurricular activities, and at home with their family. Being a part of Student As life as they have developed through elementary school has given me the opportunity to empathize with the journey students and parents may experience in public school special education programs. In 1866, Dr. John Langdon Down described the key attributes of the duplication of chromosome 21 during cell development known at the time as Trisomy 21. Today, we describe this is process and the proceeding diagnoses as Down Syndrome (National Down Syndrome Society, 2018). The complex nature of Down Syndrome leaves many expecting parents anxious. Down Syndrome can be detected as early as an expecting mothers 12 week doctor visit. The markers that reflect a diagnoses are found in the hormone levels of the mother and the measurements of the fetus (Down syndrome, 2018). The mothers age may also play a role in the possibility of Down Syndrome diagnoses. Geriatric pregnancy, or pregnancy over the age of 35, run higher risks of Down Syndrome diagnoses. However, 80% of all people with Down Syndrome were born to parents under the age of 35 (Tullos Barta Salinas, 2010). These calculations are not a diagnosis; rather, they produce the odds in which a child could be born with Down Syndrome (Na tional Down Syndrome Society, 2018). In Student As case, their mother had odds of 1/50 based on her age, which was 37. After fetal measurements were taken, the odds went up to 1/17 (Anonymous, personal communication, December 2, 2018). Due to the demand of accurate screening, Down Syndrome research has been heavily funded in the last 25 years. One way a fetus can be diagnosed before birth is through a procedure called an Amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid is extracted through a needle that has been inserted into the mothers uterus. This sample is then used to analyze the chromosomes of the fetus. Doctors usually perform this test in the second trimester, after 15 weeks of pregnancy (Down syndrome, 2018). If a fetus odds are high, most medical professionals encourage parents to proceed with an Amniocentesis. Some expecting parents, like Student As, choose to opt out of screening (Anonymous, personal communication, December 2, 2018). Ultimately, the cause of Down Syndrome is unknown and the diagnosis is seen throughout diverse populations. Down Syndrome does not discriminate between gender, nationality, or socioeconomic status (Tullos Barta Salinas, 2010). Physically, people with Down Syndrome are smaller in stature as well as smaller facial features, almond shaped eyes some level learning disability, but not all features are the same. There is an endless variety of outcomes for a person with Down Syndrome. The medical description of Down Syndrome is bleek at best, stating that children with Down Syndrome can experience a vast array of complications including dementia, speech and hearing impairments, delayed motor functions and heart problems (Down syndrome, 2018). The degree to which each child experiences these symptoms varies. Just as Down Syndrome symptoms vary from person to person, the experiences of a student with Down Syndrome entering the public school system differ widely. While there is a typical timeline of evaluative procedures for children with Down Syndrome before and after they enter the school system, which I discuss below, each childs experience is highly varied and depends on the child as well as their family and school district support systems (Bird, Alton, Mackinnon, 2000) . Since children are diagnosed at birth, they will have consistently been assessed throughout their young lives by medical professionals. Entering school begins a process of developing skills based on the students abilities and getting them to a place where they will be successful in life after school. Individualized Education Plan (IEP) goals focus on developing real world skills, including communication development, social skills such as performing tasks independently, and cognitive skills such as knowledge recognition. The process of entering the public school system is very different for children who are born with a known disability verses students who educators come to find may have a learning disability once they enter school. Children who are born with a known disability like Down Syndrome generally receive state-funded services and support immediately at birth. During early intervention, which is considered birth to three years of age, teams of specialists do a full evaluation that observes the developmental milestones of the child. Milestone markers are then evaluated by a physical therapist, occupational therapist, and speech therapist. Student As mother remembers an occupational therapist coming to their home when Student A was three months old (Anonymous, personal communication, December 2, 2018). If a child is meeting their developmental milestones, and there is no other evidence of skill deficit, they would no longer qualify for state services (T, Wolf, personal communication, December 8 , 2018). When a child reaches school age, or three to five, they begin receiving services from their county educational service district. At the age of three, Student A began to attend pre-school at a local elementary school two days a week (Anonymous, personal communication, December 2, 2018). Also at this time, the county educational service district set up students and their families with an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP), which is similar to an IEP, but are intended for the whole family (T, Wolf, personal communication, December 8, 2018). As a child with Down Syndrome enters kindergarten, they bring with them an IEP that was developed from their IFSP and pre-school experience. Once they enter elementary school, considerably less emphasis is placed on family support and the students support system shifts toward the school. The students IEP is then monitored consistently and adjusted yearly by school support teams, which can include the students general education teacher, special education teacher, speech pathologist, occupational therapist, and/or physical therapist. The eligibility for services is evaluated every three years by the school psychologist until the student completes their senior year of high school (T, Wolf, personal communication, December 8, 2018). For up to three years post high school, some adults may continue to qualify for services from the county educational service district for continued support in developing life skills (Anonymous, personal communication, December 2, 2018) . In addition to support from educational service districts, many families look outside of the school environment for community support. There are often organizations that provide opportunities for children with Down Syndrome, similar to those of typical students, such as summer camps and sports teams. In addition to providing these opportunities, support groups for parents can play a significant role in the development of the child by providing children and parents with access to knowledge and other resources. Student As mother, for example, contacted Down Syndrome Network Oregon and her experience with them has been extremely positive. She has been connected with recreational opportunities for Student A, and expanded her familys support system far beyond what she thought was imaginable through connecting with other families in the organization (Anonymous, personal communication, December 2, 2018). While this timeline and the organizations and support systems for children with Down Sy ndrome and their families are somewhat consistent, the experiences of students still varies widely based on their range of abilities, interactions with educators, and learning goals. When educators set educational goals for typical children they are taught to look at each child as a unique and independent person separate from their other students. Students with Down Syndrome are worthy of same considerations as their peer counterparts. These students educational journey may look different but the goal is the same, preparing them for successful life beyond school. References: Bird, G., Alton, S., Mackinnon, C. (2000). Accessing the curriculum: Strategies for differentiation for pupils with Down syndrome. Southsea: Down Syndrome Educational Trust. This book offered strategies for supporting students with Down Syndrome in the classroom. The book also gave insight on the process of creating a welcoming environment and inclusion processes. Family Journey in Education [Personal interview]. (2018, December 2). Interview with Student As mother who wishes to remain anonymous. She gave invaluable information about her and her childs experience living with Down Syndrome. Down syndrome. (2018, March 08). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20 355977 The Mayo Clinic offered much insight on the diagnosis of Down Syndrome.The webiste clarified the procedures available for expecting mothers to screen for Down Syndrome. Tullos Barta, L., Salinas, Y. (2010). Supporting the Student with Down Syndrome in Your Classroom[Pamphlet]. Down Syndrome Association of West Michigan. This pamphlet gave information about the process of children with Down Syndrome entering the public school system as well as facts and history. What is Down Syndrome? | National Down Syndrome Society. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ndss.org/about-down-syndrome/down-syndrome/ This citation clarified the causes of Down Syndrome. It also addressed the history and clarified in detail the chromosomal process that occurs when a child has Down Syndrome. Wolf, T. (2018, December 8). Process of Developing an Individualized Education Plan [E-mail interview]. Tandy Wolfe has a Masters in Special Education and is the Learning Specialist at Cedaroak Park Primary School in West Linn, Oregon.

The Tragic Hero Of Othello By William Shakespeare

A tragic hero is a positive character that has his or her own flaw which eventually leads to his or her death. Death can be caused by actions at the hands of other individuals, or the protagonist himself. An example of a tragic hero is Odysseus and Othello. In the Odyssey, Odysseus’ tragic flaw is his hubris. His unwavering confidence and pride is the reason why the gods punish Odysseus and as a result he does not return home for ten years. Othello s tragic flaw is his jealousy. Throughout the story Iago begins to help influence Othello’s envy to where he takes his wife s life as well as his own. His enviousness is due to his trust in â€Å"honest Iago† who plants the seed of jealousy to which it cultivated until Othello could not be prevented. In Othello, Othello is the tragic hero and has his own flaw which leads to Othello’s demise. Othello’s tragic flaw lies beneath his personality and does not show unless influenced. At this time, Othello is more concerned with the battle against the Turks; therefore Iago does not get the chance to talk to Othello alone. When given the opportunity, Iago looks for ways to help convince Othello of Desdemona and Cassio’s love with one another. Othello has not taken notice of his jealousy as he has not been put into the predicament of being jealous, and he has no reason to be jealous. Amongst his peers, Othello is respected for his work in the army, and Othello is solely focused on his work as a general and is not concernedShow MoreRelatedTragic Hero in Othello by William Shakespeare1306 Words   |  6 Pagesplaywright, William Shakespeare, and see if he has tendencies to certain styles or genres. Shakespeare wrote about thirty-seven plays during his lifetime. Amanda Mabillard explained, â€Å"However, no one can know for certain because of the inexact documen tation at the time the plays were first being organized and published† (para. 1). This meant that many of his plays might had been lost or forgotten. Of the thirty-seven plays he wrote ten tragedies, seventeen comedies, and ten histories. William followedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn literature tragic heroes can be defined as a character that makes a flawed judgment that inevitably leads to their own demise. William Shakespeare’s Othello the Moore of Venice is a play about a heroic individual that goes through a tragic event based on his decisions throughout the play. Many of the characters that Shakespeare presents in his plays reveal attitudes and value that is reflective of both the Elizabethan society in sixteenth century England and William Shakespeare; these values areRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1322 Words   |  6 PagesA hero usually a man, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities (Dictionary.com). In life, heroes will arise whenever they are needed. It may be a tall man that wears a cape and has super powers. As a matter of fact it may be the everyday heroes that are seen giving a homeless man a coffee or helping an old lady cross the street. It may be the heroes that are see in movies and graphic novels, rescuing the princess from her tower or leading their countryRead MoreEssay on The Tragic Hero in William Shakespeare ´s Othello617 Words   |  3 PagesTragic heroes tend to have very pre-determined paths; usually making the most virtuous of characters destined to suffer. The hamartia or ‘tragic flaw’ is the typical reason the hero falls. Shakespeare was noted to be one of the best writers of tragedies, one of his most prominent to be Othello. In Othello, we find a number of tragic flaws two including pride and ambition. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, pride and ambition are used to identify the outcomes for the main characters in the playRead MoreEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare masterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The powerRead MoreTragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesConventions of Othello Shakespeare has been a part of the American Society for many years. Compared to other Authors, he has a different style of writing but within his own writings, they are all very much alike. 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William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirementsRead MoreThe Tale of Two Limit Exceeding Men Who Fell Short of Personal Goals1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the hero cycle, reverent tone is used many times, however, as the character progresses through the book, they begin to show their flaw, which, many times is revealed by the changing tones the author uses. In the conclusi on of the story, they accept defeat with honor after discovering their flaw. Changing tones used by both Chinua Achebe in his book, Things Fall Apart, and William Shakespeare in his playwright, Othello, progress the tragic hero cycle of Okonkwo and Othello. In the beginningRead MoreOthello: The Tragedy of an Aristotelian Tragic Hero Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares play, â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice,† is a powerful example of a tragedy and it’s main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotles requirements. Othello also matches Aristotles ideas of tragic hero because our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causingRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Othello1613 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on a tragic hero who possesses a flaw which ultimately leads to their downfall. In fact, Aristotle prescribes the three most important points to any tragedy to be hamartia, a tragic flaw in the tragic hero’s character that brings about his downfall, catharsis, a purgation of the a udience’s emotions and anagnorisis, the character’s revelation of some fact not previously realized. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, Othello is an excellent example of an Aristotelian tragic hero. He was a character

Family Systems Differ from Home to Home Essay - 768 Words

Everyone has an ideal view of what a family system should be and how it should be ran. However in today’s society it is very difficult to always follow what others think due to the lack of love and trust within individuals who decide that in the moment a family is what they want until the time comes and a family is not what they can handle. As a young child, I grew up with both parents, and thought that life was superb. However things did not last long and I soon was a product of a single parent home. Now for me double parenting and single parenting did not have much effect on me growing up but now I so desire for a family where I have a husband and he is there not only as my husband but a father, a provider for our family, and a†¦show more content†¦For example growing up as a child, my family comprised of my mom, dad, grandma, grandpa, and uncle (my mom’s brother) all living under the same roof. Everyone in the family played a part and understood what th eir role was. The men in the family took care of things such as taking out the trash, occasional cleaning, in the winter they would bring in firewood, and take care of any handiwork that needed to be done. As far as the women, they always went to the grocery store; they took care of the children, prepared meals, and did most of the cleaning. It was what worked for us. Now when my mom got her own home and my dad came along with us (they were never married), the balance in my grandmother’s house was off. There were fewer mouths to feed and less hands helping with the work that needed to be done. It was an odd and awkward time for us but we were able to start our own homeostasis. The family system worked totally different at my mother’s home. My mother was the breadwinner and my dad was the â€Å"stay at home dad† and he took care of the housework and me while my mom worked. Either way it still worked out though it was not the same as at my grandparentâ₠¬â„¢s home but everyone was still able to play a part which did not through off our balance. When my parents separated the balance was there but it was all being put on one person now. My mom was the breadwinner; cook, cleaner, babysitter, and handyShow MoreRelatedTrue Education : What Motive Is Appeal?1397 Words   |  6 Pageslife’s duties. The educational system in Mesoamerica aka Anahuac was and is exactly this, to receive instructional and physical studies, develop physical powers and mental faculties that go in harmony with the moral values, and while that was taught in school, there was also a home education given. 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Demographics - According to the National Planning Data Corporation, more than 515,700 persons 65 and older are estimated to reside within Minnesota in 1987. This is projected to increase to a level of 531,700 by 1992. The largest growth is shown in those elderly above the age of 75, the population segment which comprises the majority of nursing home demandRead MoreHomeschooling And Public Schools : Types Of Schooling Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesgov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372). Homeschooling and public schools are the same in a few ways, including the same courses are being instructed and they are a form of education. They are different in schedules, extracurricular activities, and differ in number of staff. From the results of statistics, it is clear that both types of schooling are actively being utilized. Whether more children attend public school, or are homeschooled, there are a few similarities and differences between them. HomeschoolingRead MoreHomeschooling Vs Public Schools Are Two Forms Of Education Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesgov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372). Homeschooling and public schools are the same in a few ways, including the same courses are being taught and they are a form of education. They are different in schedules, extracurricular activities, and differ in number of staff. From the results of statistics, it is clear that both forms of education are actively in use. Whether more children attend public school, or are homeschooled, there are a few similarities and differences between them. Homeschooling and publicRead MorePerspective Essay on the Code of the Streets856 Words   |  4 Pagesviolent norms within this culture. Anderson notes that two groups coexist simultaneously in the inner-cities which he labels as the â€Å"decent† and the â€Å"streets.† Although both groups suffer economic difficulties, they differ in values mainly instilled through parenting and the home environment. The decent group seeks to adopt mainstream middle-class values, such as a love, respect and law-abiding citizens nonviolently. Whereas the street-oriented group are mostly violent and feel disenfranchisedRead MoreDoes the Environment of a Child Impact Their Development?1050 Words   |  5 Pagesthey are raised in. Within the neighborhood there are several other aspect of influence. Where a child is raised can affect their behavior, attitudes, emotions, personality, values, health, and so much more. This can be seen in their personal lives at home to their social lives around others in classrooms. The affects of a child’s development due to their environment can be seen in both a positive and negat ive aspect. The neighborhood that a child is raised in can be very critical in their development

Coca-Cola Nepal free essay sample

The Marketing, Sales Distribution strategy for Bottlers Nepal Limited is entitled â€Å"Refresh the Marketplace† and includes: A robust Consumer Response System to address any consumer/customer concerns, ideas, suggestions – either on product and its quality or on stock supply – maintenance of equipment etc†¦ All consumer concerns are dealt with in a fair, timely and friendly manner, so as to satisfy them and resolve their concerns. Marketing and advertising communications are focused on POS (point-of-sale), Radio, TV, hoardings, truck backs, etc†¦ Emphasis is also placed on Consumer Price to enforce Price Compliance. Marketing and advertising communications are customized to suit to local sentiments – social, religious, ethnic. Innovative packages and pack sizes are offered to give better value to consumers and ease of storage to retailers. Prices and packs are introduced in a format that is affordable to all segments of society. General Information Population: 27,5 million (28. 9 million as of July 2007 estimate) GDP per capita (purchasing power parity): US$ 1,5 million (estimated and not exact) Location: Kathmandu and Bharatpur Employees: 469 Number of MDCs: 32 Job creation multiplier effect:  ± 10,000 Local operating name: Bottlers Nepal Ltd 2 Bottling Plants Sales Manager- Bottler Nepal Mr. Madhav Kafle is the Deputy Sales Manger of the bottlers Nepal. He has been with the bottlers Nepal since 1998 he joined bottlers Nepal as a sales officer and then he was promoted to the Sales Executive and later promoted to Area Sales Manager. Qualification: Masters in Arts. Number of years with Bottlers Nepal: 10 years Territory: Katmandu (which is the largest territory and the highest sales generating territory) Key Responsibility: Forecasting sales plan / preparing sales budget Sales forecasting is done looking at the past trends. He normally takes in account the sales volume of past 3 years, activity in the market and then set the target. He considers the average growth in the sales volume and then tentatively adds 5% to 10% to the previous year’s growth and fixes the target for the year. He also consults the existing sales force for their valuable inputs in order to make the forecasting more accurate and feasible. The territory sales forecast is done according to the capacity of the territory and the sales force capability i. . some territories grow fast where as some grow slow, these factors are kept in mind while forecasting the sales target for the particular territory. The sales forecast for a particular territory is also based on the individual sales officer. He also decides on the amount of the promotional support need in order to meet the target sales. He does this by looking back to the amount of post sales support and then plans for the pr omotion. While doing this he also keeps in mind the impact on future product sales. Weekly reporting to the country manager His report to the country manager consist of the overall weekly achievement in terms sales volume of his territory and any other major issues if any which need to be addressed to the higher level management. His report is a consolidated report sent by the Area sales manager and it contains the report on the previous week’s achievement and his new plan for the coming week and the month. The plans consist of volume of production for the coming month and sales on the basis of the production. This plan is also forwarded to all the departments’ viz. arketing and production so that the departments can plan accordingly. Communication with the other departments He interacts with the production manager on regular basis to decide on the volume of production. He also works together with the Marketing Manager in order to come up with promotion for pushing sales and to develop marketing strategies for future sales target. Area sales survey for a particular area is done by the market ing department. Suggestion is taken from the marketing department before formulation of the sales plan for a particular territory. Hiring and selection of Sales force: Sales manager is responsible for hiring salespeople with the appropriate skills and backgrounds to implement the sales strategy. Good sources must be found for new hires, and those who are weak in these areas are carefully screened out. The normally advertise through newspaper. The other sources of candidates are references of current employees. The Applications and the CVs received are first collected by the Human Resource Department and then full scrutinized it. The short listed candidates are then invited for a written test. The further short listed candidates are invited for an interview with the sales Manager and the Human Resource Manager. The selected candidates are called for the training. Training Sales Force: In addition to hiring qualified people, salespeople’s competencies are usually developed through training before they are sent into the field. He identifies the training needs of the individual sales person and then informs about it to the Human Resource department. The Human Resource department in turn coordinates with the trainer. They are given 1 to 1 and half months training depending upon the sales person. Sales managers are responsible for making sure that training is completed, and they often conduct some of the classes. Most initial training programs are designed to familiarize salespeople with the company’s products, services, and operating procedures, with some time devoted to development of selling skills. Because sales training is expensive, the sales manager is responsible for selecting the most cost-effective methods, location, and materials. Training is normally imparted by the trainer form Bangkok. Motivate, Develop and inspires the sales force: Builds and maintains relationships that motivate, guide, and/or reinforce the performance of others toward goal accomplishments. Weekly sales meets are done and those who are the achiever of the highest sales in the territory are appreciated and acknowledge in the meeting. The have a program of the monthly achiever wherein the highest achievers name is put up on the board. If the performance is consistent for couple of months they are given bigger territories. Promotions are performance based. Core Competencies of the Sales Manager Communicate the principles and values of The Company through personal contact with consumers and dignitaries from around the valley in order to further enhance the consumers connection to the brands. Delegate work assignments and tasks to sales representative, providing sufficient direction so desired business outcomes can be achieved. Drives Innovative Sales Improvements: Develops new insights into ideas that result in organizational improvements; promotes a work environment that fosters the development of the sales force and increase the overall sales volume.

What is Schizophrenia

Table of Contents Introduction What is Schizophrenia Studies on the Disorder Treatment Options The Success of Treatment Options Conclusion Reference List Introduction Many different psychological disorders that have been discovered in the medical world tend to afflict human beings thus affecting their day-to-day activities. Psychological disorders come in different ways. At the same time, they are tackled in different ways that can be described as the best in the present-day world of medicine.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What is Schizophrenia? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some psychological disorders can be described as acquired while some can be described as genetic depending on their manifestation in the human beings. The treatment and management of these disorders also vary, with some of the disorders being treatable and eliminated completely while some can only be controlled but not elimi nated. Different approaches are employed when dealing with psychological disorders. In fact, although different people can be diagnosed with the same disorder, they will show different signs individually and hence the conclusion that psychological disorders show different indicators that make up a certain disorder when put together. As the study reveals, one such disorder that can be described as complex is schizophrenia because of the different ways it manifests in human being as well as the different forms it afflicts its victims. What is Schizophrenia Schizophrenia as a disease or mental disorder has been in existence for a very long time, as long as humans have existed. Previously, the classification of mental illnesses was so poor that almost all mental illnesses were lumped together without trying to sort them out (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1187). Way back in the year 1911, a Swiss doctor called Eugene Blair coined the name schizophrenia from two Greek words, ‘schizo’, m eaning split, and the word ‘phrene’, meaning mind, and hence the term schizophrenia that means a disconnected mind. The disease comes in different forms by exhibiting different characteristics specific to an individual case. In most cases, an individual would exhibit one or more of the following characteristics, which are pointers to the disease. They include delusions, which are strange and unrealistic beliefs that go on in an individual’s mind in that they tend to see things that other people are not seeing (Lilienfeld et al. 2010). The signs also include hearing of sounds other people cannot hear, and some strange beliefs that something is going to happen to the victims. The mind of the individual makes them have abnormal a feeling about their surrounding environment. They also have hallucinations, which will make them have a reaction of the presence of things that are actually not there. In this case, people will hear voices that are just in their minds, smel l things that are not there, and/or have different tastes from what is expected (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1189).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The individuals will also exhibit strange behavior when viewed by normal people. The behavior that can be described as uncanny. In some cases, the individuals will have a very unsystematic dialogue in that a mature individual will not be able to make a sensible statement due to his or her mixing of different words. The speech of a mature person in this case can be described as that of a small child who is learning to talk. Some forms of schizophrenia come with disjointed and severely diminished cognitive abilities in that victims lose most of their mental faculties (Lilienfeld et al. 2010). In fact, they cannot therefore do any constructive thing. In some cases, the individual will not be in a position to do anything without being instruc ted on what do and how to do it. In case the victims have taken the initiative to do something, they will omit some steps, which make whatever they are doing appear odd (McGlashan, 1988, p. 516). Signs vary from one individual to the other as well as severity of the condition. Some persons can be described as being in a permanent state of the condition while others will oscillate between being fully normal and suffering from bouts of the disease. Schizophrenia strikes its victims in their late adolescence or in their early stages of adulthood although it is also known to strike anytime of an individual’s lifetime. The real cause of schizophrenia has never been pinpointed to date. However, experts are working on a theory that points it to be a result between biological predispositions, which are genetic in nature and the environment in which one grows up (Daly, 2013, p. 716). This claim is the line of research that researchers are slowly developing with the belief that it will give answers to the question of its origin. Another cause for schizophrenia can be drug abuse. Effects of drug abuse can lead to the impairment of the cognitive functions of the brain in that the victim will start behaving abnormally due to hallucinations and delusions. Pregnancy has also been listed as another cause of schizophrenia, with different elements during a woman’s pregnancy acting as a trigger for the same. Schizophrenia comes in different levels such that some types of schizophrenia can be described as acute while others can be described as mild (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1189). People with schizophrenia can have lucid moments in that sometimes they are fully normal with their mental functions being performed in order. However, in some other times, they are very schizophrenic.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What is Schizophrenia? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies on the Disorder Sci entists have conducted different major studies across the world as they try to find the main causes of schizophrenia as well as solutions to the problem. The biggest challenge that many studies have faced has been the inability to pin point exactly what causes the problem because finding the cause would lead to better solutions to the problem. The manifestation of the disease is what makes it a big challenge to researchers who are trying to find its exact cause. One of the challenges is that schizophrenia has so many different symptoms. In this case, only when they are put together that the person can be rightly diagnosed as suffering from the disease (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). Therefore, research in the field of schizophrenia is wide due to the width with which the schizophrenia problem comes. Each research has been narrowed down to a specific problem that the researchers think is the cause or they think might lead them to a solution. Broad Institute of Harvard, the MIT, and the Mass achusetts General Hospital have conducted one of the major studies on schizophrenia under the leadership of Mark Daly. The aim of the study was to find the genetic difference between people suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and other unaffected people. The study involved over 10000 people suffering from schizophrenia, 7000 people suffering from bipolar, and a large number of unaffected people. The study was meant to narrow down genetic differences between the three groups as a way of pin pointing the genetic traits associated with schizophrenia. The study discovered 10 genetic risk factors that are highly associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Besides, it also discovered three specific genes that are suspected to be the cause of the two diseases (Daly, 2013, p.730). The study was meant to find a common link between schizophrenia and genes, which are usually transferable from one offspring to the other. Another study on schizophrenia, which is one of the man y studies on the same disease, was to find out the relationship between the disease, genetic traits, and the environment. The study found that the heritability liability of schizophrenia was 81%, which means that schizophrenia is a highly heritable disease arising due to genetic traits that can be inherited. 11% of the problem in victims was attributed to common and shared environment. The study came out with a conclusion that schizophrenia is highly influenced by genes and the environment although it does not show the cause of the disease. The study simply reinforces previous theories that point the origins of schizophrenia to both genes and the environment (Daly, 2013, p. 735). Another study by McGlashan (1988) found that schizophrenia, as a mental disease can be chronic to the extent that its effects become worse in relation to those of other known major mental illnesses.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In these findings, schizophrenia can lead to increased risks of suicide in its victims, instances of physical health, and cases of mortality. According to McGlashan (1988), the disease comes out in the open after a period of between 5-10 years after its manifestation meaning that it can remain unnoticed in an individual for some time, as it develops before it comes out evidently (p. 520). The study finds that long-term studies on the disease so far have not come up with any conclusion on the history of treatment of the disease, meaning that the treatment of the disease has not been concluded as effective. Studies on the disorder can be described as continuous because no authoritatively conclusive study has been made so far. Different theories on the disease continue to be studied while new theories also come up at the same time to try to find a solution. Therefore, any information so far being used in the field cannot be described as conclusive, but as part of a continuous study. Tr eatment Options One factor that underlies schizophrenia treatment is that it is a disease whose cause is not yet known and that it comes in different manifestations. This case therefore complicates the treatment regime that any physician has to offer because it is a trial and error at the end of the day. Every single schizophrenic case has to be approached individually because different victims have different symptoms besides having different combinations of symptoms (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). This complication therefore restricts the physician to observe case by case in an effort to administer drugs according to their opinion on the individual case. The treatment methods commonly in the application are based on a clinical research that has been conducted on the disease as well as on the experience of the physician on the treatment of the disease. Usually, the approach that the physician will employ will depend on the ability of the strategy to reduce the effects and symptoms of the d isease as well as an approach that is believed will reduce the chances of the disease coming back. Treatment for the condition happens in two ways: medical treatment or psychosocial treatment (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1188). Medical treatment of the disease usually involves the use of antipsychotic medicine, which has been available since 1950s. These drugs are not known to cure the problem. Rather, they are known to reduce psychotic symptoms to allow the individual to behave like a normal person. So far, this treatment has been identified as the most effective. An experienced physician who specializes in mental cases can administer it. The choices of drugs and dosage are the prerogative of the physician because treatment is done on a case-by-case basis. Many schizophrenic cases as explained above differ in symptoms and intensity. Although psychotic medication has been known to work well for schizophrenic cases, it sometimes does not work in others in that patients may fail completely to respond to the drug thus making it useless to administer the said drug on them (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1189). Some patients will mildly respond to the drugs being administered. This case would require higher doses of the drug for them to be effective. Although it is effective in treating and managing schizophrenia, almost all anti psychotic drugs have negative side effects that might not be pleasant at all to the patient. Some of the commonly used drugs include Clozapine, which is registered as Clozaril. It has been touted as the best antipsychotic drug ever to be used. However, its use comes with severe side effects to the user of the drug with the development of agronulocytocis, which is a condition that diminishes white blood cells thus reducing the individual’s immunity. Risperidone is another drug that can be used to treat psychosis, which in this case is schizophrenia. The drug has fewer side effects compared to Clozapine. However, it is not as effective as Clozapine. Olaza pine is another antipsychotic drug that works like Risperidone but not as effective as Clozapine (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). Many other drugs are still being developed. Thus, they are not yet in the market. On the other hand, other drugs that can be used in treating schizophrenia have been found to treat specific symptoms. Hence, they cannot be counted upon to treat other symptoms. This makes them less effective. Psychotherapy can also be used as treatment for schizophrenia in some cases through rehabilitation of the individual, family education, individual psychotherapy, and self-help groups. The use of psychotherapy can only be applicable in cases where the individuals respond to the treatment. The physician can only determine this treatment. Psychosocial therapy is mostly applied when the individual seems to have developed schizophrenia due to environmental influences. The Success of Treatment Options The success of treatment options for schizophrenia can only be stated in relative terms due to the manner in which the disease manifests itself and the stage the treatment for the disease has reached. So far, there is no cure for schizophrenia. The only available solution has been to tame the situation as the patient continues to use drugs. Many patients who have been diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia have had to live with the condition for the rest of their lives because it is not curable (Sullivan, 2003, p. 1191). The only solution that most of them have had with this condition is that some cases have been able to have the condition suppressed for a longtime without them relapsing. This far is the closest to cure to which patients with schizophrenia can come close. The biggest challenge that remains is that the disease comes in many different forms with either individual symptoms or a combination of symptoms. This case is a challenge because the psychiatrist has to deal with individual symptoms as they try to sort them because each symptom has its own d rug. A mixture of some of the drugs used can be dangerous to the patient. Therefore, in most cases, the patient is treated for one condition at a time. The use of more effective drugs such as Clozapine has other devastating effects on the patient. The drug is overly effective in its application. However, its side effects are dangerous as well. For instance, patients under Clozapine need to have their blood tested very often to check the white blood cells count because the drug tends to diminish the white cells (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). Inadequate white cells mean that the body’s immune system will be lowered because they are responsible for the immune system of the body. Success in treatment options can be described as successful in individual cases where the patient has responded positively to the treatment. This varies with individual cases because there are those patients who will respond positively to the therapy while there are those who will not respond at all. Treatment of schizophrenia starts with a trial-and-error mode as the physician tries out different treatment plans for the individual. It takes some time before the physician figures out the exact plan for an individual patient. At the end of the day, the plan might work or fail (Daly, 2013, p. 750). Treatment options offered so far can be deemed successful as far as offering the best they can because that is the best that the industry can offer. They have been known to control the disease in an individual successfully. The only point that should be noted is that the disease never goes away and that the patient has to be on the lookout in case they relapse. This will force them to go back to treatment. On the other hand, some patients might have to be fully dependent on the drugs for them to behave normally because they might not look properly wired without the drugs. Whereas treatment has worked in some cases, it has failed completely to work for some patients in some other cases (Meltzer, 2002, p. 280). In these instances, patients have had to be confined in facilities that will allow them to be taken care of, or they have to be heavily sedated as a way of keeping them calm. These two methods can be punitive to the patient. However, at the same time, they can be the only available solutions to them. Conclusion Schizophrenia as a mental disorder continues to pose challenges to the medical world on the best solutions that can be found to take care of it. The challenge of finding its main cause remains large because there is still no solution ahead with the present-day technology. The complexity of the problem has made it worse by complicating its description in that it cannot be described by one or two words. So far, the only hope of finding the main cause of the problem lies with finding the exact genetic connection as well as the environmental connection to the problem. Reference List Daly, M. (2013). Genetics connection In Schizophrenia. Nature Genetics, 45(7), 715- 841. Lilienfeld, S. et al. (2010). Psychology: A Framework for Everyday Thinking. London: Pearson Publishers. McGlashan, T. (1988). A Selective Review of North American Follow Up Studies of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bullettin, 14(4), 515-542. Meltzer, H. (2002). Suicidality in Schizophrenia: A Review of the Evidence for Risk Factors Treatment Options. Current Psychiatry Reports, 4(4), 279-283. Sullivan, P. (2003). Schizophrenia as a Complex Trait Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Twin. Jama Psychiatry, 60(12), 1187-1192. 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Coal in the Industrial Revolution

Coal in the Industrial Revolution Before the eighteenth century, Britain - and the rest of Europe - had produced coal, but only in a limited quantity. Coal pits were small, and half were opencast mines (just big holes in the surface). Their market was just the local area, and their businesses were localized, usually just the sideline of a larger estate. Drowning and suffocation were also very real problems.​ During the period of the industrial revolution, as demand for coal soared thanks to iron and steam, as the technology to produce coal improved and the ability to move it increased, coal experienced a massive escalation. From 1700 to 1750 production increased by 50% and nearly another 100% by 1800. During the later years of the first revolution, as steam power really took a firm grip, this rate of increase soared to 500% by 1850. The Demand for Coal The rising demand for coal came from many sources. As the population increased, so did the domestic market, and people in town needed coal because they weren’t near to forests for wood or charcoal. More and more industries used coal as it became cheaper and thus more cost-effective than other fuels, from iron production to simply bakeries. Shortly after 1800 towns began to be lit by coal powered gas lamps, and fifty-two towns had networks of these by 1823. During the period wood became more expensive and less practical than coal, leading to a switch. In addition, in the second half of the eighteenth-century, canals, and after this railways, made it cheaper to move greater amounts of coal, opening up wider markets. In addition, the railways were a source of major demand. Of course, coal had to be in a position to supply this demand, and historians trace several deep connections to other industries, discussed below. Coal and Steam Steam had an obvious impact on the coal industry in generating vast demand: steam engines needed coal. But there were direct effects on production, as Newcomen and Savery pioneered the use of steam engines in coal mines to pump water, lift produce and provide other support. Coal mining was able to use steam to go deeper than ever before, getting more coal out of its mines and increasing production. One key factor to these engines was they could be powered by poor quality coal, so mines could use their waste in it and sell their prime material. The two industries -   coal and steam -   were both vital for each other and grew symbiotically. Coal and Iron Darby was the first person to use coke – a form of processed coal – to smelt iron in 1709. This advance spread slowly, largely due to the cost of coal. Other developments in iron followed, and these also used coal. As the prices of this material fell, so iron became the major coal user, increasing demand for the substance vastly, and the two industries mutually stimulated each other. Coalbrookdale pioneered iron tramways, which enabled coal to be moved more easily, whether in mines or on route to buyers. Iron was also needed for coal using and facilitating steam engines.   Coal and Transport There are also close links between coal and transport, as the former needs a strong transport network able to move bulky goods. The roads in Britain before 1750 were very poor, and it was hard to move large, heavy goods. Ships were able to take coal from port to port, but this was still a limiting factor, and rivers were often of little use due to their natural flows. However, once transport improved during the industrial revolution, coal could reach greater markets and expand, and this came first in the form of canals, which could be purpose-built and move large quantities of heavy material. Canals halved the transport costs of coal compared to the packhorse. In 1761 the Duke of Bridgewater opened a canal built from Worsley to Manchester for the express purpose of carrying coal. This was a major piece of engineering including a ground-breaking viaduct. The Duke earned wealth and fame from this initiative, and the Duke was able to expand production because of the demand for his cheaper coal. Other canals soon followed, many built by coal mine owners. There were problems, as canals were slow, and iron trackways still had to be used in places. Richard Trevithick built the first moving steam engine in 1801, and one of his partners was John Blenkinsop, a coal mine owner searching for cheaper and faster transport. Not only did this invention pull large quantities of coal quickly, but it also used it for fuel, for iron rails, and for building. As railways spread, so the coal industry was stimulated with railway coal use rising. Coal and the Economy Once coal prices fell it was used in a huge number of industries, both new and traditional, and was vital for iron and steel. It was a very vital industry for the industrial revolution, stimulating industry and transport. By 1900 coal was producing six percent of the national income despite having a small workforce with only limited benefits from technology.

Cost Effectiveness for Smoking Cessation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cost Effectiveness for Smoking Cessation - Essay Example So, it is enough to start with one cartridge and use it. Perhaps, you will not need the next one. The period of usage is different as every smoker applies different number of cigarettes. That is why it is impossible to plan the usage of electronic cigarettes for everybody. It should be noted that all my participants were from New York. There were both males and females to participate in my investigation. However, their age was different. In particular, the age of participants was 19-70. I think that this intervention should be made the following way. Every person should receive so many opportunities to smoke electronic cigarettes as he/she needs to have for traditional smoking. In two-three months it is necessary to check the results. I think that here it is better to use interviewing the participants to get to know if they started smoking less. Smoking cessation by means of electronic cigarettes has much in common with another method to give up this bad habit. It is nicotine gum. It is even possible to compare these two types of smoking cessation. In case of nicotine gum a person is asked to use a special gum instead of a traditional cigarette. According to the smoker’s point of view (he tried to give up smoking with the help of nicotine gum), he used the gum during eight months and became addicted to it. So, it is difficult to say if this method is better than keeping smoking traditional cigarettes. The amount of nicotine in them is less, but still it may lead to cancer and nicotine dependence. That is why I do not advise to use nicotine gums. It is better to apply electronic cigarettes. It should be stressed that the study is very important. First of all, it is societal. It helps to get more information about the effect of smoking cessation by means of electronic cigarettes. So, it helps people from our society to be informed about electronic cigarettes and their effectiveness. The cost of the research is not very high. No additional equipment was nee ded as people were just interviewed. All results were received with the help of interviewing and smokers’ feedbacks. It turned out that several people managed to give up smoking by means of electronic cigarettes. There were practically no direct and indirect costs in the process of research. A little amount of money was spent by me on tickets to travel to people for interviewing. There may be two possible answers to the question as for the time horizon needed for this research. On the one hand, it is not necessary to conduct a long-time research if you need just to get information about smokers’ feedback after usage electronic cigarettes. On the other hand, it also can be a lifetime research, if you want to get as much information about electronic cigarettes as possible. Everything changes very quickly nowadays. It concerns various methods created for smoking cessation as well. The structure and function of electronic cigarettes may be changed in future. That is why it is a good idea to conduct a lifetime research and analyze the peculiarities of new trends in this field. It is necessary to emphasize that only in this case the research will be effective and demonstrate if it is worth to apply electronic cigarettes to give up smoking forever. The data for research can be found with the help of the following ways. Internet sources TV translations Newspaper articles Interviews with smokers Interviews with people who use electronic cigare

Assignment essay and discussion Forum in Sociology Week 10

Assignment and discussion Forum in Sociology Week 10 - Essay Example re many African Americans, Blacks and Hispanics in America who are being discriminated against either based on ‘real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes† or â€Å"on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics† (kendall, p. 255-56). Such groups of people are very often ill-treated and are negated of equal opportunities and are looked down as inferiors. Instances on stratification based on race and ethnicity is visible in almost all aspects of life; the â€Å"color line† that negated African American baseball players of entry into the national team for centuries is the best example for stratification based on race and ethnicity. These sorts of stratification have given rise to the emergence of dominant and subordinate groups in the American society. Prejudice, segregation, discrimination, stereotyping, and ethnocentrisms are the salient features of a society where racial or ethnic bias prevails. When it comes to racism and ethnicity, questions such as whether people sort others based on physical appearance or individual traits come to one’s mind. It is also interesting to note whether everybody classifies people in the same way. The PBS link on sorting people shows that people are classified even based on physical traits such as skin color, finger prints and blood type. Based on these three types of physical traits, people are categorized into American Indians, Asians, Blacks, Hispanic/ Latino, and Whites. The conclusion drawn is that there are many ways to sort people and that â€Å"race is a social idea† the categorization of which is not always â€Å"based on nature, but on our ideas† (Sorting People: Conclusion). One should also notice that there is considerable degree of disparity in income distribution, percentage of poverty and educational attainment among these various races. The US Census Bureau of 2003 shows that the social standings of Africa n Americans and

Analytical Examination Essay Example for Free

Analytical Examination Essay This paper will analyze about the RA 10354 also called Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. This essay will present a short history of the law here in the Philippines until it become enacted and implemented. This will discuss the major provisions of the law together with its important contents ranging from health care to contraception. This will also discuss the issues that are connected to this law while it was a bill such as maternal death, early pregnancy, premarital sex, poverty and population and reproductive health education. Issues concerned with legislation of the bill such as the necessity and morality of the bill and its contents like contraception and reproductive health education will be especially presented. Other news which may have affected the support for the bill will be also presented and analyzed. This will also present the major groups that approve or oppose the said law together with their reasons why they want or are against the said law. This will also talk about the actions those groups have taken for or against the law which may have affected the support for the bill’s implementation. This is also concerned with the voices of certain world organizations such as UNESCO and WHO on reproductive health education and the stand of the Church on the matter about contraception, self-continence and marriage. This will be concerned about their statement about the matter and the doctrines and values they adhere with. Summary Since its first proposition on 1988, the Reproductive Health Bill experienced many debates if it was really needed here in the Philippines. The proposition was changed and improved by a number of proponents many times but was mostly neglected. Then, a similar bill was also introduced in the first regular session of the 14th Congress by Albay Rep. Edcel C. Lagman, Jannette L. Garin, Narciso D. Santiago III, Mark Llandro Mendoza, Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel and Elandro Jesus F. Madrona that was known as House Bill 5043. Like that of the former bills, it was also disposed but its proponents never stop to improve, change and remove some parts of the former bill to create a new one. Many times Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman and its principal authors would edit the bill until the Reproductive Bill of 2012 was formed. Senator Pia Cayetano was also a principal sponsor of such bill. Upon December 19, 2012, the Senate enacted the bill and on December 21, 2012, four days before Christmas His Presidency, Benigno Aquino III signed the bill and was to be implemented fifteen days after its official publication. The law was known as RA 10354 or Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Its major provisions are to promote and have access to reproductive health care and methods that are legal and safe, to promote family planning methods and responsible parenthood, to counsel women who committed abortion in a humane way, to mandate reproductive health education in age appropriateness to students, to supply and maintain reproductive health services to all, to protect reproductive health rights and to penalize those who restricts or prohibits the access to reproductive health care and methods stated in this law. The law mandates the hire of skilled health professionals for maternal health care and birth attendance, seen in Sec. 5. It also promotes the upgrade of health care facilities for obstetric and newborn care as stated in Sec. 6 and to access for family planning methods especially to the poor and marginalized couple and to sexually active minors as said in Sec. 7. The law also states that â€Å"hormonal contraceptives, intrauterine devices, injectables and other safe, legal, non-abortifacient and effective family planning products and supplies†(RA 10354, Sec. 9) should be treated in the Essential Drugs List after subjection to reputable medical associations. It also mandates the procurement and distributions of family-planning supplies and age appropriate reproductive health education, stated in Sec. 10 and 14 respectively. And lastly, to condemn any who shall prohibit the access to health care and family-planning supplies. Since its first introduction by Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman, this law had reaped many opposition and approval before being enacted. The pro-woman groups fought for saving the lives of woman from maternal death on the other hand the Church and other pro-life groups fought for dignity of the unborn and the sanctity of marriage. The senate itself was divided for selecting to if they will oppose or approve the bill. The Former President and Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was known to opposed the bill and be backed upon by the Church meanwhile President Benigno Aquino III shown agreement towards the bill and expected its implementation. The pronouncement of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI to condoms also became news if the Church was open to contraception. This gave new hope for Edcel Lagman from acceptance of the Church but Paranaque Rep. Roilo Golez explained that the Pope talks about health, that preventing HIV from spreading is showing compassion but the Pope doesn’t said to use condoms to prevent pregnancy. Issues also attract the said bill. First, is about the legislation of the bill, if it was really relevant here in the country with regards to overpopulation, Availability/Provisions for RH information and healthcare for mothers and children. Another issue is if the RH Bill is moral, if the Church must interfere with the State and if the government is willing to give funds to the bill. Third, is about the consequence of a widespread of contraceptives with regards to health and sexual behavior. The last is concerned in the need of sex education in the country. The CBCP together with the national Church felt that it was time to educate again its faithful and made efforts on counteracting the bill. The Church turned offering masses, praying for the enlightenment of congressmen and women and explained that principles of the bill undermine the sanctity of life and marriage. They stated that overpopulation was not the problem but corruption and the unequal distribution of people. They seek to get online, and used CBCP for Life for addressing the matter and let the Simbang Gabi 2012 be used for educating the faithful. They also made catechisms with themes regarding the RH. Meanwhile, pro-woman and pro-RH group also organize plans for the bill. They have tied violet ribbons on their arm signifying their fight against HIV-AIDS. Informed people about gender inequality, maternal deaths, teenage pregnancy and HIV-AIDS and that the bill would help minimize or eliminate such problems. UNESCO and WHO also promotes the education of youths regarding reproductive health. They state that benefits such as a delay in sexual initiation; reduction of unwanted pregnancies, child abuse and abortion; and a slower spread of HIV could be obtained. It can also induce progress to gender equity, social participation and partnership. It prepares the youths for responsibility as adults, emphasizes health promotion and can improve relevance in education systems. Meanwhile, the Catholic Church holds its deposit of faith centered on Divine Love and Unity in Marriage. Its Catechism says that Marriage is by which a man and a woman establish intimate communion for life which is ordered for the good of the spouse and the procreation and education of children,(1660, Catechism of the Catholic Church). It also states that the total reciprocal self-giving is overlaid through contraception for it is a refusal for the total giving of self through taking away openness to life,( 2370,Catechism of the Catholic Church). It states that even intercourse with a legitimate wife but taking away the power to generate life is contrary to God’s will and leaves guilt of a grave sin,(55-56, Casti Connubii). The Church also teaches the virtue of chastity, that the couple must exercise conjugal love and fidelity and that of safeguarding life form the moment of conception, (51, Gaudium et Spes). She teaches that Marriage can never justify sexual intercourse which is contraceptive which oppose to its true meaning and that artificial methods could lead to marital infidelity and lowering moral standards, reduction of woman as mere object of satisfaction and intervening of public authorities to the most personal and intimate responsibilities of couples, (14,17; Humanae Vitae). It also addresses the value of self-discipline to repel inordinate self-interests and to control the passions of the body,(21, Humanae Vitae). References Software Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Retrieved from CATECH01. exe Websites and Webpages Anonymous. (2012, December 21). Republic Act 10354. Retrieved from http://pcw. gov. ph/sites/default/files/documents/laws/republic_act_10354. pdf Burgonio, T. (2010, November 21). Pope’s pronouncement on condoms strengthens RH Bill – Lagman. Retrieved from http://newsinfo. inquirer. net/breakingnews/nation/view/20101121-304495/Popes-pronouncement-on-condoms-strengthens-RH-billLagman Dionisio, E. R. (2012, August 8). A Guide to Arguments for and against the Reproductive Health Bill. Retrieved from http://www. adnu. edu. ph/images/A%20Guide%20to%20Arguments %20For%20and%20Against%20the%20Reproductive%20Health%20Bill. pdf Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Gaudium et Spes. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en. html Paul VI. Humanae Vitae. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae_en. html Pius XI. Casti Connubii. Retrieved from http://www. vatican. va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_31121930_casti-connubii_en. html Sun. star. Church RH Bill. Retrieved from http://www. sunstar. com. ph/davao/weekend/church-rh-bill Saclag, D. E. D. Group asks SC to lift suspension of RH Law. Retrieved from http://www. bworldonline. com/content. php? section=Nationtitle=Group-asks-SC-to-lift-suspension-of-RH-Lawid=71130 Unknown. (2012, August 14). Reproductive Health Bill, Good or Bad. Retrieved from http://behealthconsciousblog. wordpress. com/2012/08/14/reproductive-health-bill-good-or-bad/ Unknown. (2012, December 29). Republic Act 10354, Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Retrieved from http://filipinoscribe. com/2012/12/29/republic-act-10354-reproductive-health-act-of-2012/ Unknown. House Bill no. 5043, Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008. Retrieved from http://jlp-law. com/blog/full-text-of-house-bill-no-5043-reproductive-health-and-population-development-act-of-2008/ Villegas, B. M. et al. (2012, September 12) Handbook of Truths on RH Bill. Retrieved from http://cbcpforlife. com/? p=8859 Villegas, S. B. (2012, December 15). Contraception is Corruption, A Pastoral Letter on the Latest decision on the Rh Bill. Retrieved from http://cbcponline. net/v2/? p=6241 World Health Organization. Family Life, Reproductive Health and Population Education: Key Elements of a Health-Promoting School. Retrieved from http://hivaidsclearinghouse. unesco. org/search/resources/HIV%20AIDS%20231. pdf

Essay --

Disability is a parent in disguise that nurtures and fosters a child through sometimes crippling, but always meaningful pain. One's impairment guides him or her to independently to fend for life's basic necessities. Much like a parent, it is responsible for a person's physical, emotional, and mental development. The novels The Bite of the Mango and A Long Way Gone narrate two different children's traumatic experiences during the Sierra Leone's Civil War and its aftermath. In the two books, disabilities are generally perceived as negative. Nevertheless, both autobiographies illustrate how a girl's and a boy's contrasting disabilities raised them to mature at a younger age without their parent's guidance. Both The Bite of the Mango and A Long Way Gone present each character's disabilities; however, Kamara's diverse disabilities made her stronger than Beah. Kamara's emotional disability from witnessing gruesome murders has strengthened her to plant a positive change in the world. Both characters made a difference in society, but Kamara channeled her strength after seeing, feeling, and hearing pain. Beah physically sees deaths in his own hands from killing others but he is desensitized to murder. Beah is brought up to accept that murdering is a norm and that there is no sympathy in killing people. During the war, he does not have the emotional disability that impaired Kamara. He is unable to rationalize taking innocent lives and therefore, cannot gain moral strengths. In contrast, Kamara is not numbed to this atrocity. Her strength comes from seeing the harsh reality that ignites her desire to change society. Kamara optimistically stated, "We had an important purpose: to help raise awareness of my country's problems" (Kamara and McC... ...ng Way Gone highlight disabilities in each characters, Kamara's disabilities transformed her into a stronger individual. Beah's emotional, physical, and financial disabilities, are not as greatly underlined as the various disabilities in Kamara's novel. Beah ignores much of his disabilities through drugs. As a result, many of his internal problems are temporarily painless. Unlike Beah, Kamara felt the sickening pain of the three main disabilities over the course of the war. Kamara's strength is rooted from accepting her flaws in order to move on in life. This is the main reason that makes her strong. As a replacement of parenthood, disabilities in each character had given them strengths to survive on their own. Disability is a like parent in a way that children may temporarily hate it; and through the journey realize and accept it; and at the end they forgive it.